Chapter 10 Kainic acid as a tool in retinal research

Kainate activation of horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina

“…in number. This is consistent with the evidence that dopaminergic cells are the only amacrine cells established to be resistant to KA excitotoxicity (Morgan, 1983), and they represent one of the least numerous cell types. Furthermore, mammalian dopaminergic neurons are GABA positive (Wu ¨lle and Wagner, 1990).…”

Kainate activation of horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina

“…in number. This is consistent with the evidence that dopaminergic cells are the only amacrine cells established to be resistant to KA excitotoxicity (Morgan, 1983), and they represent one of the least numerous cell types. Furthermore, mammalian dopaminergic neurons are GABA positive (Wu ¨lle and Wagner, 1990).…”

Selective reduction of oscillatory potentials and pattern electroretinograms after retinal ganglion cell damage by disease in humans or by kainic acid toxicity in cats

“…Previous studies also found initial effects on ganglion cell bodies, but at a threshold of 100 nmol [22]. Kainic acid neurotoxicity has been most extensively studied in the chicken retina [24][25][26][27][28]. There is a dose-dependent sensitivity, with off-center biopolar cells that are depolarized being most sensitive.…”

Differential effects of excitatory amino acids on photoreceptors of the chick retina: An electron-microscopical study using the zinc-iodide-osmium technique

“…The latter study noted that 1 week following exposure to 120 nmoles KA, about 25% of photoreceptors degenerate. The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983). At lower doses of KA, the number of photoreceptors were not substantially reduced.…”

“…Ingham and Morgan (1983) also noted disorganization of synaptic ribbons and vesicles in photoreceptor terminals following KA treatment. The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983). The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983).…”

Kainate activation of horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina

“…in number. This is consistent with the evidence that dopaminergic cells are the only amacrine cells established to be resistant to KA excitotoxicity (Morgan, 1983), and they represent one of the least numerous cell types. Furthermore, mammalian dopaminergic neurons are GABA positive (Wu ¨lle and Wagner, 1990).…”

Selective reduction of oscillatory potentials and pattern electroretinograms after retinal ganglion cell damage by disease in humans or by kainic acid toxicity in cats

“…Previous studies also found initial effects on ganglion cell bodies, but at a threshold of 100 nmol [22]. Kainic acid neurotoxicity has been most extensively studied in the chicken retina [24][25][26][27][28]. There is a dose-dependent sensitivity, with off-center biopolar cells that are depolarized being most sensitive.…”

Differential effects of excitatory amino acids on photoreceptors of the chick retina: An electron-microscopical study using the zinc-iodide-osmium technique

“…The latter study noted that 1 week following exposure to 120 nmoles KA, about 25% of photoreceptors degenerate. The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983). At lower doses of KA, the number of photoreceptors were not substantially reduced.…”

“…Ingham and Morgan (1983) also noted disorganization of synaptic ribbons and vesicles in photoreceptor terminals following KA treatment. The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983). The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983).…”

Kainate activation of horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina

“…in number. This is consistent with the evidence that dopaminergic cells are the only amacrine cells established to be resistant to KA excitotoxicity (Morgan, 1983), and they represent one of the least numerous cell types. Furthermore, mammalian dopaminergic neurons are GABA positive (Wu ¨lle and Wagner, 1990).…”

Selective reduction of oscillatory potentials and pattern electroretinograms after retinal ganglion cell damage by disease in humans or by kainic acid toxicity in cats

“…Previous studies also found initial effects on ganglion cell bodies, but at a threshold of 100 nmol [22]. Kainic acid neurotoxicity has been most extensively studied in the chicken retina [24][25][26][27][28]. There is a dose-dependent sensitivity, with off-center biopolar cells that are depolarized being most sensitive.…”

Differential effects of excitatory amino acids on photoreceptors of the chick retina: An electron-microscopical study using the zinc-iodide-osmium technique

“…The latter study noted that 1 week following exposure to 120 nmoles KA, about 25% of photoreceptors degenerate. The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983). At lower doses of KA, the number of photoreceptors were not substantially reduced.…”

“…Ingham and Morgan (1983) also noted disorganization of synaptic ribbons and vesicles in photoreceptor terminals following KA treatment. The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983). The LD 50 has been estimated to be greater than 200 nmoles (Morgan, 1983).…”