1992
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1477
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Chaotic billiards generated by arithmetic groups

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Cited by 97 publications
(94 citation statements)
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“…This is hardly surprising; Sarnak [44] notes that a simple reflection symmetry is enough to cause g = 0. Arithmetic systems are very special and have many symmetries: all periodic orbits possess a single Lyapunov exponent, and eigenvalue spacing statistics are unusual for ergodic systems [16]. This makes the study of a planar Euclidean billiard system without symmetry (where Lyapunov exponents differ), for which no number-theoretic analytic tools exist, particularly interesting.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is hardly surprising; Sarnak [44] notes that a simple reflection symmetry is enough to cause g = 0. Arithmetic systems are very special and have many symmetries: all periodic orbits possess a single Lyapunov exponent, and eigenvalue spacing statistics are unusual for ergodic systems [16]. This makes the study of a planar Euclidean billiard system without symmetry (where Lyapunov exponents differ), for which no number-theoretic analytic tools exist, particularly interesting.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While some obvious counter-examples exist, such as the sphere in the integrable case (the levels are k(k + 1) with multiplicity 2k + 1), and more subtle examples in the chaotic case, such as the modular surface (the quotient of the upper half-plane by the modular group SL(2, Z)), where the spacings appear to be Poissonian [1], [6], [13], [7], there is sufficient numerical evidence for us to believe that these universality conjectures hold in the generic case.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, exceptions are well documented in the literature, among others we cite arithmetic billiards [5], Harper model [6], and the ubiquitous kicked rotor [7], namely, a free particle in a circle which experiences periodic kicks of amplitude given by a periodic smooth potential,…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%