Channeled β‐TCP Scaffolds Promoted Vascularization and Bone Augmentation in Mandible of Beagle Dogs

Abstract

A major hindrance to successful alveolar bone augmentation and ridge preservation using synthetic scaffolds is insufficient vascularization in the implanted bone grafts. The slow ingrowth of host vasculature from the bone bed of alveolar bone to the top of the implanted bone grafts leads to limited bone formation in the upper layers of the implanted grafts, which hinders the subsequent implantation of titanium dental implants. In this study, macroporous beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds with multiple vertical hollow channels are fabricated that play a similar role as blood vessels for nutrient diffusion and cell migration. The results show that the hollow channels accelerate the degradation rate of the β‐TCP scaffolds and the in vitro release of a bone forming peptide‐1, which significantly promote proliferation and osteogenesis of human bone mesenchymal stem cells on the channeled scaffolds, compared to nonchanneled scaffolds in vitro. More volume of newly formed bone tissues with more blood vessels are augmented in the channeled scaffolds when implanted in mandibular bone defects of beagle dogs. Channeled scaffolds significantly promote new bone formation and augment the height of the mandible. These findings indicate channeled scaffolds facilitate vascularization and bone formation and have great potential for vascularized bone augmentation.

A Hierarchical 3D Graft Printed with Nanoink for Functional Craniofacial Bone Restoration

“…Our preliminary experiment revealed that the density of neo-bone had a strong correlation with the content of CPO. This was in accordance with previous studies, [53][54] and the osteogenic ability could be further enhanced by increased release of Ca 2+ . Similarly, osteogenesis potential was also found to be dependent on the dose of BMP-2, with stronger osteogenic activity and denser bone induced by a higher BMP-2 content.…”

Comparing the osteoconductive potential between tubular and cylindrical beta‐tricalcium phosphate scaffolds: An experimental study in rats

“…The in vitro studies indicated that osteogenic differentiation was enhanced when MSCs were seeded into channel/tubular structured β‐TCP scaffolds . What is more, tubular scaffolds have been reported to enhance the vertical growth of host vasculature from the bottom of the bone bed into the porous scaffolds . Although we did not detect the vascularization after tubular scaffolds implantation in this study, many studies have fully proved that channel/tubular scaffold could promote blood vessel invasion and formation by improve oxygen infusion .…”

Channels in a Porous Scaffold: a New Player for Vascularization

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