Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children after introduction of a 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Williams, Scott; Mernagh, Paul J; Lee, Michael H T; Tan, Jonathan T.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb04192.x

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Of these, 64 [6, 7, 12–73] articles met our pre-defined eligibility criteria and we identified an additional 4 surveillance reports [74–77] from online searches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in the post-PCV era: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

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BackgroundRoutine immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7/10/13) has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to vaccine serotypes significantly. However, an increase in disease due to non-vaccine types, or serotype replacement, has been observed. Serotypes’ individual contributions to IPD play a critical role in determining the overall effects of PCVs. This study examines the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in children to identify leading serotypes associated with IPD post-PCV introduction.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify studies and surveillance reports (published between 2000 and December 2015) of pneumococcal serotypes causing childhood IPD post-PCV introduction. Serotype data were differentiated based on the PCV administered during the study period: PCV7 or higher valent PCVs (PCV10 or PCV13). Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the proportional contributions of the most frequent serotypes in childhood IPD in each period.ResultsWe identified 68 studies reporting serotype data among IPD cases in children. We analysed data from 38 studies (14 countries) where PCV7 was administered and 20 (24 countries) where PCV10 or PCV13 have been introduced. Studies reported early and late periods of PCV7 administration (range: 2001∓13). In these settings, serotype 19A was the most predominant cause of childhood IPD, accounting for 21.8% (95%CI 18.6∓25.6) of cases. In countries that have introduced higher valent PCVs, study periods were largely representative of the transition and early years of PCV10 or PCV13. In these studies, the overall serotype-specific contribution of 19A was lower (14.2% 95%CI 11.1∓18.3). Overall, non-PCV13 serotypes contributed to 42.2% (95%CI 36.1∓49.5%) of childhood IPD cases. However, regional differences were noted (57.8% in North America, 71.9% in Europe, 45.9% in Western Pacific, 28.5% in Latin America, 42.7% in one African country, and 9.2% in one Eastern Mediterranean country). Predominant non-PCV13 serotypes overall were 22F, 12F, 33F, 24F, 15C, 15B, 23B, 10A, and 38 (descending order), but their rank order varied by region.ConclusionChildhood IPD is associated with a wide number of serotypes. In the early years after introduction of higher valent PCVs, non-PCV13 types caused a considerable proportion of childhood IPD. Serotype data, particularly from resource-limited countries with high burden of IPD, are needed to assess the importance of serotypes in different settings. The geographic diversity of pneumococcal serotypes highlights the importance of continued surveillance to guide vaccine design and recommendations.

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“…Of these, 64 [6, 7, 12–73] articles met our pre-defined eligibility criteria and we identified an additional 4 surveillance reports [74–77] from online searches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in the post-PCV era: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

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“…Current pneumococcal surveillance depends on culture-based methods (Williams et al, 2011). Non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia is often not diagnosed with culture-based methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid urine antigen testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: clinical use and barriers

Harris

Beekmann

Polgreen

et al. 2014

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults, a leading cause of death. The majority of pneumococcal CAP is diagnosed by blood culture, which likely underestimates the burden of disease. The 2007 CAP guidelines recommend routine use of the rapid pneumococcal urinary antigen (UAg) test. To assess the how pneumococcal UAg testing is being used among hospitalized adult CAP patients and what barriers restrict its use, a Web-based survey was distributed in 2013 to 1287 infectious disease physician members of the Emerging Infectious disease Network of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Of 493 eligible responses, 65% use the pneumococcal UAg test. The primary barrier to UAg use was availability (46%). UAg users reported ordering fewer other diagnostic tests and tailoring antibiotic therapy. Increased access to UAg tests could improve pneumonia management and pneumococcal CAP surveillance.

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“…The introduction of pneumococcal vaccination has resulted in a significant reduction in the overall incidence of IPD 5. Since January 2005, the Australian National Immunisation programme has included universal vaccination of infants against pneumococcus, as well as catch-up vaccination for children less than 2 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal haemolytic uraemic syndrome in the postvaccine era

Lawrence

Gwee

Quinlan³

2018

Arch Dis Child

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Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children after introduction of a 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in the post-PCV era: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in the post-PCV era: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Rapid urine antigen testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: clinical use and barriers

Pneumococcal haemolytic uraemic syndrome in the postvaccine era

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