Changes of volatile organic compounds and bioactivity of Alternaria brassicae GL07 in different ages

Abstract

Plant endophytes are rich in secondary metabolites and are widely used in medicine, chemical, food, agriculture, and other fields. Here, an endophytic fungus is isolated from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and identified as Alternaria brassicae GL07 through genotypic characterizations. It can produce fruity scented volatiles. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 32 components were identified; and at different culture times, the composition of VOCs was different. It had more components in the first two weeks, but a fewer components on the 21st day. More olefins, ketone, aldehyde, and alcohol were found in the growth period and more amines and esters were found in the decline period. Also, 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone, β‐ionone, and nonanal were found. They were the same ingredients in Ginkgo essential oils and some of them were isolated for the first time in the volatile constituents of endophytes. The antioxidant activity and whitening activities of all extracts were also evaluated. When cultured for 10 days, it had the strongest 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50, 0.56 g/L), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50, 0.47 g/L), reducing ability, and tyrosinase inhibition ability (IC50, 5.18 g/L), which may be due to a large amount of ketones and alcohols produced during the log phase. This demonstrates the potential of A. brassicae GL07 to produce bioactive compounds and to be used for perfume and cosmetic industries.

Chitosan Modulates Volatile Organic Compound Emission from the Biocontrol Fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia

“…In addition, the experiment with rice as a culture medium suggests that the volatilome evolves with the age of the fungus, which is in accordance with previous studies on other fungal species [10,15,42]. Pan et al [42] analyzed the VOC profile of Alternaria brassicae and reported a reduction in the diversity of VOCs as the fungus aged, which is the same trend we found in Pc, where the 35-day-old culture had less VOC diversity than the 15-day-old culture.…”

Changes and bioactivities on volatile organic compounds of endophytic fungi Neurospora dictyophora 3ZF‐02 in different ages

“…Components with mass spectral similarity greater than 80% were considered reliable. The relative content of each substance was calculated by the normalization algorithm [19].…”

Diversity and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi from the Flowers of the Medicinal Plant Vernonia anthelmintica

“…The non-polar composition of endophytes is poorly understood. Endophytic fungi mainly synthesize ethers, acids, amines, alkenes and benzene [ 58 ]. Fungal strain O. senegalensis NR-03 synthesized different non-polar components depending on the content of the culture medium.…”

“…The secondary metabolites produced by the fungal strain in each medium were extracted by ethyl acetate then dissolved in dichloromethane. The non-polar chemical composition of the endophytic fungus O. senegalensis NR-03 was subjected to gas chromatography—mass spectral (GC-MS) analysis, as previously reported [ 37 , 58 ]. The GC-MS system consisted of an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph coupled to an Agilent 5975 mass detector (Agilent Technologies, New York, USA) and an Agilent 7693 autosampler.…”