Changes of rat plasma total low molecular weight antioxidant level after tabun exposure and consequent treatment by acetylcholinesterase reactivators

Oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning: role of standard antidotal therapy

“…With a growing number of studies, oxidative stress seems to be one of the important toxic mechanisms in acute OP intoxication (Lukaszewicz‐Hussain, ). Evidence of elevated oxidative stress in vivo (increased lipid peroxidation or alterations in antioxidant and scavenging systems) were found in cases of acute pesticide as well nerve agent exposures, including fenthion (Büyükokuroğlu et al, ), malathion (Banerjee, Seth, Bhattacharya, Pasha, & Chakraborty, ; Da Silva et al, ; Fortunato et al, ; John, Kale, Rathore, & Bhatnagar, ; Possamai et al, ), methidathion (Altuntas, Delibas, & Sutcu, ), chlorpyrifos (Mansour & Mossa, ; Ojha, Yaduvanshi, & Srivastava, ), dichlorvos (Cankayali, Demirag, Eris, Ersoz, & Moral, ), paraoxon (Jafari et al, ), diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (Zaja‐Milatovic, Gupta, Aschner, & Milatovic, ), soman (Pazdernik, Emerson, Cross, Nelson, & Samson, ) and tabun (Pohanka et al, ).…”

“…For instance, atropine administrated in pretreatment or in therapy of OP pesticide intoxications, including malathion (Da Silva et al, ; dos Santos et al, ) and dichlorvos (Kose et al, ), did not cause any relevant changes in enzymatic oxidative stress parameters when compared to animals exposed to OP only and to control groups. In tabun‐poisoned rats, there were also no differences between low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) measured in the plasma of animals treated by atropine and animals administrated with atropine only (i.e., not exposed to tabun) (Pohanka, Karasova, Musilek, et al, ; Pohanka, Karasova, Musilek, Kuca, & Kassa, ). On the other hand, there was a difference between these two groups and the untreated control group (Pohanka, Karasova, Musilek, et al, ).…”

“…In tabun‐poisoned rats, there were also no differences between low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) measured in the plasma of animals treated by atropine and animals administrated with atropine only (i.e., not exposed to tabun) (Pohanka, Karasova, Musilek, et al, ; Pohanka, Karasova, Musilek, Kuca, & Kassa, ). On the other hand, there was a difference between these two groups and the untreated control group (Pohanka, Karasova, Musilek, et al, ). This study suggests ambivalent action of atropine being able to reduce the effects of tabun‐inhibited AChE but simultaneously to trigger an oxidative stress response when administrated alone (de facto atropine poisoning).…”

Macrophage-Assisted Inflammation and Pharmacological Regulation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway

“…It could be one of the mechanisms by which drugs utilized to treat myastenia gravis enhance their impact since they poorly penetrate through the haematoencephalic barrier, but they can increase the acetylcholine level in the blood system. Activation of CAP by quaternary pyridinium compounds can represent the still unexplained positive side-effect of oxime reactivators in modulation of oxidative stress [113].…”

Assessment of Potential Long Term Health Effects on Army Human Test Subjects of Relevant Biological and Chemical Agents, Drugs, Medications and Substances

“…Additionally, the ages of subjects in the studies was too widely varied to allow confident analysis. 143 Although the epidemiological data for an association between dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants is equivocal, findings from in-vitro and animal studies show that TCDD, PCBs, and other chlorinated POPs can influence insulin signaling, 147,148,149,150,151,152 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, 153,154,155 and adipocyte differentiation or regulation. 156,157,154 Better designed and implemented epidemiological studies and efforts to align the laboratory work with the epidemiology, along with systematic gap identification is needed in order to see if a causal link exists.…”