Changes of protein content and its fractions in bovine milk from different breeds subject to somatic cell count

Abstract

Global milk production is undeniably dominated by 2 dairy breeds recognized worldwide: Holstein-Friesian and Jersey. A third breed, Simmental, serves as a dual-purpose breed. The objective of the present research was to establish potential changes in the fractional components of bovine milk protein (mainly whey) in relation to the health status of a dairy cow's mammary glands, which is closely determined by somatic cell count (SCC). The milk of 3 breeds was studied: Polish Holstein-Friesian (Black and Red-White varieties), Simmental, and Jersey. The cows were housed in freestall barns and fed according to the total mixed ration feeding system for both winter and summer periods. Milk samples were collected individually from each cow twice a year, in the winter and summer seasons. A total of 1,822 milk samples were evaluated (946 in winter and 876 in summer). The milk was examined for SCC, crude protein, casein, and whey fraction proteins (α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, BSA, and lysozyme). The research material for each breed was split into 4 groups based on SCC (group I: ≤100,000 cells/mL; group II: 101,000 to 400,000 cells/mL; group III: 401,000 to 500,000 cells/mL; and group IV: 501,000 to 1,000,000 cells/mL). It was found that an increase of SCC promulgated a progressive decline in the daily yield of milk, which was significantly true for the Polish Holstein-Friesian. The level of crude protein decreased slightly as SCC increased, and casein concentration (r=-0.591) also followed this trend of decline. Elevation of SCC produced a decrease of major albumins (i.e., α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin). However, SCC increase induced an increase in the immunoactive proteins (lactoferrin and lysozyme) as well as BSA. The interactions of a breed with increased SCC, which can be measured based on the BSA content of the milk, has indicated various levels of susceptibility to the increase in different breeds. This is confirmed by different values of correlation coefficients for these relationships: 0.71 in the Holstein-Friesian, 0.58 in Simmental, and 0.47 in the Jersey cows. Holstein-Friesian cows are more sensitive to mammary gland infections causing a greater decline of their daily milk yields, which, in turn, is reflected in an increase of the negative value of the correlation coefficients between SCC and milk efficiency (-0.24). In the other 2 breeds, the correlations were also negative, but substantially lower (-0.12 and -0.15).

Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows

“…The lactose content and somatic cell count (SCC) remained on similar levels in milk of cows from all groups, however high lactose content and the fairly low SCC in milk indicated quite good mammary gland health status (Čítek et al, 2011;Litwińczuk et al, 2011). The SCC did not exceed 200 000/ml in M groups and 280 000/ml in H groups.…”

“…The homeostasis disturbance during this period is crucial for the performance of the dairy animals in the current as well as in the next lactations (Bertoni et al, 2009;Jóźwik et al, 2010b). The intensive energy turnover, under conditions of limited body reserves, causes high yielding cows to be more susceptible to numerous pathogenic factors, especially in early lactation (Ingvarsten et al, 2003;Litwińczuk et al, 2011). Biochemical blood indicators, like some liver enzymes activity in blood serum (γ-glutamyltransferase − GGT, aspartate aminotransferase -AST, alanine aminotransferase -ALT), are used for the evaluation of metabolic balance.…”

Correlação Entre a Contagem De Células Somáticas E Composição Química No Leite Cru Resfriado Em Propriedades Do Rio Grande Do Norte

“…Pode-se inferir que a quantidade de caseína presente no leite pode ser afetada por dois mecanismos principais: 1) a elevação da CCS correlaciona-se positivamente com aumento da concentração de caseína, devido à redução da produção de leite; 2) a elevação da CCS correlaciona-se negativamente com a caseína devido à destruição do parênquima secretor e menor secreção de caseína pelas células da glândula mamária (LITWINCZUK et al 2011). Outra explicação possível, con forme Fernandes et al (2008) v.…”

Association of polymorphism within LTF gene promoter with lactoferrin concentration in milk of Holstein cows

“…A slightly lower average LTF content was obtained by Cheng et al (2008a) (115.4 ± 67.7 μg/mL) by using the same kit as we did. Higher values were observed by Hagiwara et al (2003) Litwińczuk et al (2011) by using reverse--phase HPLC.…”