Changes in the Surface Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3, the Induction of Apoptosis, and the Inhibition of Cell-Cycle Progression of Human Multidrug-Resistant Jurkat/A4 Cells Exposed to a Random Positioning Machine

Abstract

Experiments from flight- and ground-based model systems suggest that unexpected alterations of the human lymphoblastoid cell line Jurkat, as well as effects on cell growth, metabolism, and apoptosis, can occur in altered gravity conditions. Using a desktop random positioning machine (RPM), we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity on Jurkat cells and their multidrug-resistant subline, Jurkat/A4 cells. The viability of Jurkat/A4 cells decreased after simulated microgravity in contrast with the Jurkat cells. At the same time, the viability between the experimental Jurkat cells and control Jurkat cells was not significantly different. Of note, Jurkat cells appeared as less susceptible to apoptosis than their multidrug-resistant clone Jurkat/A4 cells, whereas cell-cycle analysis showed that the percentage of Jurkat/A4 cells in the S-phase was increased after 72 and 96 h of RPM-simulated microgravity relative to their static counterparts. The differences in Jurkat cells at all phases between static and simulated microgravity were not significant. The surface expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3)—also known as cluster of differentiation (CD)50—protein was changed for Jurkat/A4 cells following exposure to the RPM. Changes in cell morphology were observed in the Jurkat/A4 cells after 96 h of RPM-simulated microgravity. Thus, we concluded that Jurkat/A4 cells are more sensitive to RPM-simulated microgravity as compared with the parental Jurkat cell line. We also suggest that intercellular adhesion molecule 3 may be an important adhesion molecule involved in the induction of leukocyte apoptosis. The Jurkat/A4 cells with an acquired multidrug resistance phenotype could be a useful model for studying the effects of simulated microgravity and testing anticancer drugs.

Role of Apoptosis in Wound Healing and Apoptosis Alterations in Microgravity

“…Furthermore, conditions of real and simulated microgravity can influence cell survival and increase the amount of apoptosis in different cell types and tissues (Zhao et al, 2018;Jiang et al, 2020;Mao et al, 2020;Pan et al, 2020;Sokolovskaya et al, 2020). The conquest of space is very important to us humans.…”

The Impact of Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity on Cell Adhesion

“…In addition, when screening targeted drugs, the selection of cell model that responds to simulated microgravity is also critical. It was reported that, compared with parental Jurkat cell line, the Jurkat/A4 cells are more sensitive to simulated microgravity with the changes of adhesion molecule ICAM-3 expression and cell morphology [113]. Therefore, Jurkat/A4 cells are useful models for studying microgravity effects and testing anti-cancer drugs.…”

Rac1/Wave2/Arp3 Pathway Mediates Rat Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction under Simulated Microgravity Based on Proteomics Strategy

“…Aliquots of 1 × 10 6 cells were suspended in 100 µL binding buffer containing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI). After incubation in the dark and on ice for 15 min, cells were analyzed using a flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, CA, USA) [ 76 ]. The cell cycle proportion of HBMECs was carried out using flow cytometric analysis as described previously.…”