Changes in the plasma free amino acid profile of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus at different stages of infection by a parasitic dinoflagellate (genus Hematodinium)

Abstract

The haemolymph free amino acid (FAA) composition of Norway lobsters Nephrops norvegicus from the Clyde estuary, Scotland, UK, at different stages of infection by the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. was determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In uninfected lobsters the total detected haemolymph FAA concentration was 3.79 pm01 ml-l. Collectively, glycine, histidine/glutamine. alanine, serine, taurine and asparagine constituted 80% of the total. The concentrations of several FAAs, notably serine, were reduced in early infections (Stage l ) , while at later stages (2-4) several FAAs were increased in concentration. The most significant change was in taurine, w h c h had increased 13-fold (from 0.22 to 2.56 pm01 ml-'1 in the final infection stage, when its relative contribution to the total FAA was 41.6%. Possible causes of these changes in the lobster haemolymph FAAs are the breakdown of host tissues including the hepatopancreas and muscle, haemocyte lysis, a host stress response and release of FAAs from the parasite cells. Results indicate that the taurine:serine ratio in the haemolymph provides a sensitive diagnostic measure of patent Hematodinium infections. Implications of these FAA alterations for Hematodinium-infected N. norvegicus are discussed.

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profile Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Caribbean Spiny Lobsters Infected With Panulirus argus Virus 1: Metabolic and Physiological Implications

“…A repression of this enzyme could result in a reduction in the concentration of taurine in infected lobsters, as well as in the excretion of taurine and its biles salts. Due to the semi-open nature of the crustacean circulatory system, the change in the biosynthesis of this neuroactive compound could also affect the behavior and motility capabilities of the host (Giles and Usherwood, 1985;Stentiford et al, 1999). Considering that infected lobsters are avoided by healthy conspecifics (Behringer et al, 2011;Candia-Zulbarán et al, 2015), taurine could be tested as an odorant compound potentially mediating this social interaction (Giles and Usherwood, 1985).…”

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profile Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Caribbean Spiny Lobsters Infected With Panulirus argus Virus 1: Metabolic and Physiological Implications

“…A repression of this enzyme could result in a reduction in the concentration of taurine in infected lobsters, as well as in the excretion of taurine and its biles salts. Due to the semi-open nature of the crustacean circulatory system, the change in the biosynthesis of this neuroactive compound could also affect the behavior and motility capabilities of the host (Giles and Usherwood, 1985;Stentiford et al, 1999). Considering that infected lobsters are avoided by healthy conspecifics (Behringer et al, 2011;Candia-Zulbarán et al, 2015), taurine could be tested as an odorant compound potentially mediating this social interaction (Giles and Usherwood, 1985).…”

The effect of temperature on the bacterial load and microbial composition in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) tail meat during storage

“…1982) presumably drives the selection within the spoilage environment towards the bacterial strains capable of reducing TMAO, and a similar process will apply to the H 2 S production. The tissues of N. norvegicus contain an abundance of free amino acids (Stentiford et al. 1999; Rosa and Nunes 2003), and therefore, sulfur‐containing amino acids are readily available.…”

Ensuring crustacean product quality in the post-harvest phase

“…Infected lobsters also have reduced reserves of glycogen in both the hepatopancreas and the abdominal muscle (Stentiford et al, 2001a;Gornik et al, 2010a)., which has been ascribed to the energy demands of the parasite cells disrupting the hormonal feedback system controlling carbohydrate release from these stores (Stentiford and Neil, 2011). Alterations in salt, glycogen, FAA, nucleotides and protein handling in infected hosts have also been reported (Stentiford et al, 1999Hudson, 1995;Love et al, 1996).…”

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profile Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Caribbean Spiny Lobsters Infected With Panulirus argus Virus 1: Metabolic and Physiological Implications

“…A repression of this enzyme could result in a reduction in the concentration of taurine in infected lobsters, as well as in the excretion of taurine and its biles salts. Due to the semi-open nature of the crustacean circulatory system, the change in the biosynthesis of this neuroactive compound could also affect the behavior and motility capabilities of the host (Giles and Usherwood, 1985;Stentiford et al, 1999). Considering that infected lobsters are avoided by healthy conspecifics (Behringer et al, 2011;Candia-Zulbarán et al, 2015), taurine could be tested as an odorant compound potentially mediating this social interaction (Giles and Usherwood, 1985).…”

The effect of temperature on the bacterial load and microbial composition in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) tail meat during storage

“…1982) presumably drives the selection within the spoilage environment towards the bacterial strains capable of reducing TMAO, and a similar process will apply to the H 2 S production. The tissues of N. norvegicus contain an abundance of free amino acids (Stentiford et al. 1999; Rosa and Nunes 2003), and therefore, sulfur‐containing amino acids are readily available.…”

Ensuring crustacean product quality in the post-harvest phase

“…Infected lobsters also have reduced reserves of glycogen in both the hepatopancreas and the abdominal muscle (Stentiford et al, 2001a;Gornik et al, 2010a)., which has been ascribed to the energy demands of the parasite cells disrupting the hormonal feedback system controlling carbohydrate release from these stores (Stentiford and Neil, 2011). Alterations in salt, glycogen, FAA, nucleotides and protein handling in infected hosts have also been reported (Stentiford et al, 1999Hudson, 1995;Love et al, 1996).…”

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profile Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Caribbean Spiny Lobsters Infected With Panulirus argus Virus 1: Metabolic and Physiological Implications

“…A repression of this enzyme could result in a reduction in the concentration of taurine in infected lobsters, as well as in the excretion of taurine and its biles salts. Due to the semi-open nature of the crustacean circulatory system, the change in the biosynthesis of this neuroactive compound could also affect the behavior and motility capabilities of the host (Giles and Usherwood, 1985;Stentiford et al, 1999). Considering that infected lobsters are avoided by healthy conspecifics (Behringer et al, 2011;Candia-Zulbarán et al, 2015), taurine could be tested as an odorant compound potentially mediating this social interaction (Giles and Usherwood, 1985).…”

The effect of temperature on the bacterial load and microbial composition in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) tail meat during storage

“…1982) presumably drives the selection within the spoilage environment towards the bacterial strains capable of reducing TMAO, and a similar process will apply to the H 2 S production. The tissues of N. norvegicus contain an abundance of free amino acids (Stentiford et al. 1999; Rosa and Nunes 2003), and therefore, sulfur‐containing amino acids are readily available.…”

Ensuring crustacean product quality in the post-harvest phase

“…Infected lobsters also have reduced reserves of glycogen in both the hepatopancreas and the abdominal muscle (Stentiford et al, 2001a;Gornik et al, 2010a)., which has been ascribed to the energy demands of the parasite cells disrupting the hormonal feedback system controlling carbohydrate release from these stores (Stentiford and Neil, 2011). Alterations in salt, glycogen, FAA, nucleotides and protein handling in infected hosts have also been reported (Stentiford et al, 1999Hudson, 1995;Love et al, 1996).…”