Changes in the particle size and the concentration of cigarette smoke through the column of a cigarette

Ishizu, Yoshiaki; Ohta, Katsumi; Okada, Takashi

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(78)90060-5

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Substituting CMD, a,, p, M, and U into the equations, the average number concentration was calculated to be 7.2 X l o 9 particles/cm3, a value of the same magnitude as those reported by others [Tables 3(a) and 3(b)]. Depending on the mass and volume at each puff (Figure 4), the number concentration could vary with the puff number (Ishizu et al, 1978).…”

Section: Estimate Of Number Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Different sizing methods measure different size-related properties of the particles. For example, Sano et al (1953) and Holmes et al (1959) reported aerodynamic equivalent diameters ranging from 0.6 to 1.3 pm in Millikan cells; while diameters ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 pm were reported by Ishizu et al (1978) and Ingebrethsen (1986) using light-scattering devices. Researchers have tried to compare various reported diameters by assuming values for certain physical properties such as refractive index, and particle density, and by assuming different types of size distribution (lognormal, logarithmic gamma [Moriguchi, 19591).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most results of cigarette smoke studies in the past were reported based on the puff number, they could be misleading because, depending on cigarette types and puffing devices, the burning rates of the cigarettes could vary and, as a result, the same puff numbers of different cigarettes could result in different butt lengths. Because the filtration and coagulation mechanisms of the cigarette smoke through the unburned cigarette rod depends strongly on the butt length (Ishizu et al, 1978), we studied the relationship of puff number to butt length.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physical Characterization of Cigarette Smoke Aerosol Generated from a Walton Smoke Machine

Chen

Namenyi

Yeh

et al. 1990

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Mainstream cigarette smoke generated using a Walton smoking machine and Kentucky 2R1 research cigarettes was studied. Results ~howed that puff volume and total particulate matter were consistent after the first puff, with average values of 35.6 cm' and 3.37 mg, respectively. The particle size distribution, measured with a multijet cascade impactor, was not related to butt length or relative humidity ( 1 95%), but was strongly dependent on the aging time. Based on simple monodisperse coagulation, the mass median aerodynamic diameter was calculated to be 0.45 pm at a dilution ratio of 21.7. Using a technique based on the dimensional change of collected droplet particles at various viewing angles of a scanning electron microscope, the count median diameter was

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Section: Estimate Of Number Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical Characterization of Cigarette Smoke Aerosol Generated from a Walton Smoke Machine

Chen

Namenyi

Yeh

et al. 1990

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…A typical cigarette smoke particle has diameter d,, = 0.1 pm and d, = 0.3 p n for sidestream and mainstream CSP, respectively. Although sizes as small as d,, = 0.17 pm were reported for mainstream CSP and as small as d, = 0.065 pm for sidestream CSP (Ishizu et al, 1978;Li, 1993). Therefore, the Kelvin and Fuchs effects are significant only for a small population of the particles.…”

Section: Kelvin Eflect Und Fuchs Effectmentioning

confidence: 92%

Theoretical Analysis of Hygroscopic Growth Rate of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract

Robinson

1998

Aerosol Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT. The deposition of cigarette smoke particles (CSP) in the human respiratory tract is difficult to predict theoretically due to the uncertainties in the characterization of these particles. Measured deposition efficiencies for CSP do not agree with those for typical particles of similar size. One explanation of this discrepancy is the hygroscopic growth of CSP once inside the respiratory tract. However, a minimum of experimental data exists and no theoretical study was done to explain the hygroscopic nature of CSP. In this paper, hygroscopic growth of mainstream and sidestream CSP is determined theoretically for conditions simulating the human respiratory tract. The hygroscopicity of CSP was found to be significantly less than a salt particle and the resulting growth rates were not large enough to explain the discrepancy between expected and measured deposition efficiencies. AEROSOL SCI-

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“…Previous studies have revealed that variations in manufacturing methodology for combustible cigarettes led to droplet size distributions ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 mm (Geiss et al, 2015;Ishizu et al, 1977), which likely reflects the particular sampling and dilution methodology used. Consequently, the way in which an aerosol is conditioned, sampled and diluted may affect droplet sizes prior to measurement, leading to erroneous size distribution determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scattering methodology for droplet sizing of e-cigarette aerosols

Pratte

Cosandey

Goujon-Ginglinger

2016

Inhalation Toxicology

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Context: Knowledge of the droplet size distribution of inhalable aerosols is important to predict aerosol deposition yield at various respiratory tract locations in human. Optical methodologies are usually preferred over the multi-stage cascade impactor for high-throughput measurements of aerosol particle/droplet size distributions. Objective: Evaluate the Laser Aerosol Spectrometer technology based on Polystyrene Sphere Latex (PSL) calibration curve applied for the experimental determination of droplet size distributions in the diameter range typical of commercial e-cigarette aerosols (147-1361 nm). Materials and methods: This calibration procedure was tested for a TSI Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (LAS) operating at a wavelength of 633 nm and assessed against model diethyl-hexyl-sebacat (DEHS) droplets and e-cigarette aerosols. The PSL size response was measured, and intra-and between-day standard deviations calculated. Results: DEHS droplet sizes were underestimated by 15-20% by the LAS when the PSL calibration curve was used; however, the intra-and between-day relative standard deviations were 53%. This bias is attributed to the fact that the index of refraction of PSL calibrated particles is different in comparison to test aerosols. This 15-20% does not include the droplet evaporation component, which may reduce droplet size prior a measurement is performed. Aerosol concentration was measured accurately with a maximum uncertainty of 20%. Count median diameters and mass median aerodynamic diameters of selected e-cigarette aerosols ranged from 130-191 nm to 225-293 nm, respectively, similar to published values. Discussion and conclusion: The LAS instrument can be used to measure e-cigarette aerosol droplet size distributions with a bias underestimating the expected value by 15-20% when using a precise PSL calibration curve. Controlled variability of DEHS size measurements can be achieved with the LAS system; however, this method can only be applied to test aerosols having a refractive index close to that of PSL particles used for calibration.

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Changes in the particle size and the concentration of cigarette smoke through the column of a cigarette

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Physical Characterization of Cigarette Smoke Aerosol Generated from a Walton Smoke Machine

Physical Characterization of Cigarette Smoke Aerosol Generated from a Walton Smoke Machine

Theoretical Analysis of Hygroscopic Growth Rate of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract

A scattering methodology for droplet sizing of e-cigarette aerosols

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