Changes in the content of neuropeptides in intestinal lymph nodes of pigs suffering from experimental Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection

Łakomy, M; Winnicka, A.; Wąsowicz, Krzysztof; Żmudzki, J.; Kaleczyc, Jerzy; Sienkiewicz, Waldemar; Podlasz, Piotr

doi:10.17221/98/2009-vetmed

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…An indispensable role of the galanin system in immune regulation has been underpinned by several in vitro and in vivo studies. For example, high amounts of galanin were found in porcine lymphoid organs 23 . Furthermore, galanin is produced in peripheral tissues such as the skin during inflammation 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages

Koller

Brunner

Bianchini

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The regulatory peptide galanin is broadly distributed in the central- and peripheral nervous systems as well as in non-neuronal tissues, where it exerts its diverse physiological functions via three G-protein-coupled receptors (GAL 1-3 -R). Regulatory peptides are important mediators of the cross-communication between the nervous- and immune systems and have emerged as a focus of new therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Studies on inflammatory animal models and immune cells revealed both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of galanin. Here, we probed specific immune-related functions of the galanin system and found galanin and GAL 1 -R and GAL 2 -R mRNA to be expressed in a range of human immune cells. In particular, macrophages displayed differentiation- and polarization-dependent expression of galanin and its receptors. Exposure to exogenous galanin affected the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of macrophages differently, depending on their differentiation and polarization, and mainly modulated the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CXCL8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-1Ra), especially in type-1 macrophages. Cytokine/chemokine expression levels in interferon-gamma- and lipopolysaccharide-polarized macrophages were upregulated whereas in unpolarized macrophages they were downregulated upon galanin treatment for 20 hours. This study illuminates the regulation of important cytokines/chemokines in macrophages by galanin, depending on specific cell activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages

Koller

Brunner

Bianchini

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…The ENS may undergo changes under the influence of various physiological and pathological stimuli such as aging, diet, inflammatory processes and other diseases (Gonkowski et al 2003, Vasina et al 2006, Gonkowski and Całka 2012. Lakomy et al (2009) and Kaleczyc et al (2010) demonstrated that cytokine expression in Peyer's patches and the correlations between the ENS and the immune system of the digestive tract can change during selected pathological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone-induced changes in the lymphoid tissue and mucosal nerve fibers in the porcine ileum

Obremski¹,

Gonkowski²,

Wojtacha³

2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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This is the first study to examine zearalenone-(ZEN) induced changes in the immune system of the ileum and substance P-(SP-) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-(VIP-) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosa, which participate in the regulation of intestinal functions under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. The aim of this study was also to identify potential relationships between selected immune and neural elements in ileal Peyer's patches in pigs that were and were not exposed to ZEN. The experiment was performed on 10 prepubertal gilts divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=5) where ZEN was administered at 0.1 mg kg -1 feed day -1 for 42 days, and the control group (n=5) which was administered a placebo. The tissue levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which revealed elevated concentrations of IL-12/23 40p and IL-1 β in animals exposed to ZEN. Flow cytometry revealed a lower percentage of CD21+ lymphocytes in pigs exposed to ZEN in comparison with control animals. The tissue levels of neuropeptides were evaluated in the dot blot procedure which demonstrated higher concentrations of VIP and SP in experimental pigs. In experimental animals, numerous VIP-like immunoreactive processes were observed, and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers formed a very dense network. Our results demonstrate for the first time that ZEN can modify the chemical coding of nerve structures in the gastrointestinal system. Those modifications can be attributed to ZEN's impact on estrogen receptors or its pro-inflammatory properties, and they reflect changes that take place in the nervous system at the transcriptional, translational and metabolic level.

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“…The study was accepted by the Local Ethical Commission of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. The procedure of the experimental infection with B. hyodysenteriae as well as the sacrifice procedure were described elsewhere (Lakomy et al 2009). The infected animals were sacrificed when they developed strong, dysenteric diarrhoea with flecks of mucus, fragments of mucosa and blood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We developed the experimental model using the domestic pig whose alimentary tract is the most similar to human one from the (patho)physiological point of view. The inflammation is induced by an experimental infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which induces necro-haemorrhagic inflammation of the colon called swine dysentery (Lakomy et al 2009). The model was successfully used to study various aspects of intestinal inflammation, however, we have found some discrepancies between the published results and the data obtained in the porcine model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression of mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and extracellular superoxide dismutase in the colonic wall of pigs suffering from swine dysenteria

Chmielewska¹,

Łosiewicz²,

Podlasz³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The expression of 3 types of peroxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3) was studied with Real-Time PCR in the colonic wall of domestic pig suffering from swine dysentery. The expression of enzymes was studied separately in the mucosa and the muscular membrane. It was found that in the mucosa the expression of SOD1 (cytoplasmic) did not change, while the levels of expression of mitochondrial SOD2 and extracellular SOD3 were raised in inflamed colon. More dramatic changes were seen in the muscular mebrane where expression of SOD1 rose twice, this of SOD2 rose ca. 5-fold and the expression of SOD3 rose dramatically, even 30-fold.The obtained data are contradictory to findings in other types of colonic inflammation, which were studied either in the whole colonic wall, or in mucosa alone. The results show a very strong reaction of antioxidant systems in the muscular membrane in the enteritis.

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Changes in the content of neuropeptides in intestinal lymph nodes of pigs suffering from experimental Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Galanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages

Galanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages

Zearalenone-induced changes in the lymphoid tissue and mucosal nerve fibers in the porcine ileum

The expression of mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and extracellular superoxide dismutase in the colonic wall of pigs suffering from swine dysenteria

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