Changes in soil physical properties and crop root growth in dense sodic subsoil following incorporation of organic amendments

Gill, Jaikirat.; Sale, P. W. G.; Peries, R.R.A.; Tang, Caixian

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.07.018

Cited by 100 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Grain yield increases have ranged from 50 to 100% of control yields, during low and high rainfall years. Grain yield increases have been closely correlated with increased root growth in the amended subsoil layer (Gill et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The strategy involves placing high rates of nitrogen-rich manures or similar organic amendments, in the order of 20 t ha −1 , in rip-lines in the top of the clay B horizon of the duplex soil (Gill et al 2008(Gill et al , 2009Sale 2010). The practice, known as subsoil manuring, has been able to increase crop yields over a series of site × season combinations from 2005 to 2009 in the high rainfall zone of south west Victoria, in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in pasture root growth and transpiration efficiency following the incorporation of organic manures into a clay subsoil

2011

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Background & aim This study tested the hypothesis that manure incorporation in the top of the B horizon of a texture-contrast duplex soil would increase root growth and water uptake by pasture grasses. Methods It involved soil columns consisting of a sandy loam topsoil over a dense clay. Four soil treatments included (i) a control profile, and modifications to the upper 10 cm of the clay subsoil involving (ii) a lower bulk density and (iii) the incorporation of poultry and (iv) dairy manure into this layer. Italian ryegrass and prairie grass were grown in separate columns, over 3 growth cycles. Results Manure incorporation decreased root biomass by up to 40% in both grasses, without any reduction in shoot growth. Root distribution varied with roots proliferating in the manured-layers compared with the same layer without the manures, resulting in a doubling of the root length density in the manured layer. Shoot yields in the 2nd growth cycle were similar between treatments, yet there was lower transpiration from the shoots in the manure treatments. This meant that manure incorporation increased transpiration efficiency, as it changed the distribution and architecture of the roots. Conclusion Manure incorporation into subsoil increased transpiration efficiency, and root surface area, rather than shoot biomass, was the controlling factor for transpiration from the shoots of the grasses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in pasture root growth and transpiration efficiency following the incorporation of organic manures into a clay subsoil

2011

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“…Assim, produtos como resíduos orgânicos, sulfato ferroso, cloreto de cálcio, sulfato de cálcio, ácido sulfúrico e enxofre elementar têm sido os mais estudados com essa finalidade (Pitman & Laüchili 2002, Zia et al 2007, Mohamed et al 2007, Sousa et al 2012, Sá et al 2013a. Dentre esses produtos, o enxofre elementar e o sulfato de cálcio parecem ser os mais promissores, quando o excesso de sais é acompanhado pelo excesso de Na trocável (Gharaibeh et al 2009, Gill et al 2009, Golldack et al 2011. Contudo, devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de aquisição, o sulfato de cálcio tem sido o produto mais empregado (Leite et al 2007, Gill et al 2008, Leal et al 2008, Melo et al 2008, Pazhanivelan et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Enxofre elementar ou sulfato de cálcio para remediação de solos salino-sódicos?

Rocha

Severo

Lucena³

et al. 2015

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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RESUMO A recuperação de solos com elevada salinidade e alcalinidade requer a utilização de produtos que promovam a redução do pH e diminuam os teores de Na trocável, para melhorar a sua fertilidade. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do sulfato de cálcio e do enxofre elementar sobre os atributos químicos de um solo com altos teores de sais solúveis e Na trocável. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se amostras de um Neossolo Flúvico sódico sálico de textura franco-arenosa. No primeiro experimento, foram testados quatro tratamentos referentes à correção do solo (sem corretivo, sem corretivo e sem lavagem, corrigido com sulfato de cálcio e corrigido com enxofre elementar). No segundo experimento, os tratamentos compreenderam cinco doses de enxofre elementar (0 kg ha-1, 400 kg ha-1, 800 kg ha-1, 1.200 kg ha-1 e 1.600 kg ha-1). O enxofre elementar e o sulfato de cálcio influenciaram positivamente os atributos químicos do solo, proporcionando melhor fertilidade. O enxofre elementar, além de melhorar os atributos químicos desse solo, é mais eficiente que o sulfato de cálcio na diminuição de sua alcalinidade, contudo, o uso desse produto requer a aplicação de fonte adicional de cálcio ao solo. Devido ao seu baixo teor de argila, a simples lavagem contribui para diminuir a salinidade e sodicidade do solo.

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“…Occasional deep ploughing (ripping) through the dense layer has been shown to improve the growth of roots into compact subsoil layers (Mead and Chan 1988). Furthermore, Gill et al (2009) have shown that the effects of deep ripping are reflected more by injecting large volumes of nutrient-rich organic amendments into the profile with the deep ripping (subsoil manuring). This has been shown to initiate the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates and improve the physical fertility and increase crop yields (Clark et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, crops extracted more water from the subsoil and the increased water uptake was a major factor contributing to increased yield (Clark et al 2007;Gill et al 2012). The amendments are also said to reduce bulk density, increase macroporosity and increase root length density at the depth of amendment (Gill et al 2009). The improved yield with amendments was related to an increase in plant available water in the hostile subsoil and prolonged greenness of leaves and supply of nitrogen and other nutrients (McDonald et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil properties and subsoil constraints of urban and peri-urban agriculture within Mahikeng city in the North West Province (South Africa)

Materechera

2016

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Urban and peri-urban agriculture is becoming increasingly important as a source of income and food for the urban population in South Africa. While most studies on urban agriculture have focused their attention on surface soils, there is dearth of information regarding subsoil properties. This study examined properties of subsoil horizons that may impede root growth and productivity of crops under urban agriculture. Materials and methods The properties of topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil horizons (20-40 cm) of four profiles from plots within the city of Mahikeng (25°48′ S and 25°38′ E) were examined to determine the nature of subsoil constraints that can limit root growth and crop productivity. The plots were selected in an area extending through four residential suburbs of the city, and two plots with a long history of cultivation were purposely selected from each suburb to represent the main cropping systems and soil types. Soil physical (penetrometer resistance, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity), chemical (pH, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Na, phosphorus and boron) and biological (root growth, organic carbon, microbial biomass, enzyme activity) properties were measured in the profiles. Results and discussion Even though there was a large variability between profiles, the results revealed high bulk density (mean 2.06 Mg m −3

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Changes in soil physical properties and crop root growth in dense sodic subsoil following incorporation of organic amendments

Cited by 100 publications

References 35 publications

Changes in pasture root growth and transpiration efficiency following the incorporation of organic manures into a clay subsoil

Changes in pasture root growth and transpiration efficiency following the incorporation of organic manures into a clay subsoil

Enxofre elementar ou sulfato de cálcio para remediação de solos salino-sódicos?

Soil properties and subsoil constraints of urban and peri-urban agriculture within Mahikeng city in the North West Province (South Africa)

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