“…It is known that undissolved NPs can penetrate into a cell and produce a cytotoxic effect by causing oxidative stress and damage to organelles [ 9 ]. Both metals are well known as multi-vector systemic toxicants, but given the special medico-social significance of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the working age population, it is important to understand what evidence could support the widespread suggestion that occupational and environmental exposures to lead and/or cadmium are an essential risk factor in the growth of this pathology [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”