Changes in protamine 1 distribution in human sperm nucleus during in vitro sperm-oocyte interaction: An immunoelectron microscopic study

Colleu, D.; Lescoat, D.; Thomas, Daniel; Gouranton, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81868-7

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…This may be due to the selection procedure of the sperm during in vitro fertilization by swim-up or by Percoll, which may affect the chromatin of the spermatozoa and consequently the DNA binding to CA3. These spermatozoa show a significantly lower nuclear labeling with anti-protamine-1 antibody than the ejaculated ones (Colleu et al, 1997). Another factor also influencing CA3 staining of spermatozoa is sperm quality itself.…”

Section: Figsmentioning

confidence: 92%

DNA spatial distribution in unfertilized human oocytes by confocal laser scanning microscope

Pitsos

Nicolopoulou-Stamati

2002

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The aim of this study is to investigate the DNA spatial distribution in unfertilized human oocytes by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). One hundred and forty unfertilized oocytes after conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and one hundred and three after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were studied. The chromatin was stained with chromomycin A3 (CA3) initially and at a second step with propidium iodide, allowing the observation of the deprotaminated sperm heads in the ooplasm. CLSM offered the opportunity for studying the three-dimensional position of the spermatozoon in the oocyte and the description of the status of the maternal and paternal chromatin. For each of the IVF and ICSI group of unfertilized oocytes, subgroups were performed according to the status of the maternal and paternal chromatin. The maternal chromosomes were either aligned at metaphase II or disarrayed at metaphase II, and the sperm head was either condensed or swollen/decondensed. Few oocytes were activated and formed a pronucleus. The spatial approaching between paternal and maternal chromatin was calculated for all subgroups of unfertilized oocytes and the distances were compared among them. There was no statistical difference in the distance between the spermatozoon and the maternal chromatin among subgroups of the IVF group, while statistical differences occurred among subgroups of the ICSI group. The spermatozoa in the IVF group approached maternal chromatin more than those in the ICSI group. Movement of the spermatozoon into the oocyte and chromatin remodeling for the formation of pronucleus seem to occur independently and are possibly directed by different mechanisms.

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Section: Figsmentioning

confidence: 92%

DNA spatial distribution in unfertilized human oocytes by confocal laser scanning microscope

Pitsos

Nicolopoulou-Stamati

2002

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Detection of P2 Precursors in the Sperm Cells of Infertile Patients Who Have Reduced Protamine P2 Levels

Yebra

Ballescà

Vanrell

et al. 1998

Fertility and Sterility

145

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Protamines and male infertility

Oliva

2006

Human Reproduction Update

659

548

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Protamines are the major nuclear sperm proteins. The human sperm nucleus contains two types of protamine: protamine 1 (P1) encoded by a single-copy gene and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins (P2, P3 and P4), all also encoded by a single gene that is transcribed and translated into a precursor protein. The protamines were discovered more than a century ago, but their function is not yet fully understood. In fact, different hypotheses have been proposed: condensation of the sperm nucleus into a compact hydrodynamic shape, protection of the genetic message delivered by the spermatozoa, involvement in the processes maintaining the integrity and repair of DNA during or after the nucleohistone-nucleoprotamine transition and involvement in the epigenetic imprinting of the spermatozoa. Protamines are also one of the most variable proteins found in nature, with data supporting a positive Darwinian selection. Changes in the expression of P1 and P2 protamines have been found to be associated with infertility in man. Mutations in the protamine genes have also been found in some infertile patients. Transgenic mice defective in the expression of protamines also present several structural defects in the sperm nucleus and have variable degrees of infertility. There is also evidence that altered levels of protamines may result in an increased susceptibility to injury in the spermatozoan DNA causing infertility or poor outcomes in assisted reproduction. The present work reviews the articles published to date on the relationship between protamines and infertility.

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Changes in protamine 1 distribution in human sperm nucleus during in vitro sperm-oocyte interaction: An immunoelectron microscopic study

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

DNA spatial distribution in unfertilized human oocytes by confocal laser scanning microscope

DNA spatial distribution in unfertilized human oocytes by confocal laser scanning microscope

Detection of P2 Precursors in the Sperm Cells of Infertile Patients Who Have Reduced Protamine P2 Levels

Protamines and male infertility

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