Changes in Prevalence, Severity, and Recovery in Tardive Dyskinesia With Age

Non-functional CYP2D6 alleles and risk for neuroleptic-induced movement disorders in schizophrenic patients

“…This is probably because the present study included only 60% of the Nithsdale cohort, and the subjects examined were on average more severly ill than the rest of the patients and therefore more likely to have received antipsychotic medication for lengthier periods of time. The present Þnding of increased age as a risk factor for TD is in accordance with earlier Þndings (Smith and Baldessarini 1980;Johnson et al 1982;McCreadie et al 1982), and the co-existence of TD and parkinsonism in this study has also been reported by others (Brandon et al 1971;Richardson and Craig 1982;Salz et al 1991). We identiÞed ten patients (10 %) who where homozygous for CYP2D6 null alleles and thereby classiÞed as PMs genotypically.…”

Association of tardive dyskinesia with variation in CYP2D6 : Is there a role for active metabolites?

“…In agreement with previous findings, duration of treatment with antipsychotic medication differed between TD-positive and TD-negative groups (Smith and Baldessarini, 1980; Woerner et al, 1998), and DIP was significantly associated with TD (Kane et al, 1986; Woerner et al, 1998), but there was no apparent effect of age and sex on the presence of persistent TD in this sample. This may be attributable to the short duration of follow-up (six weeks).…”

CYP2D6 Polymorphism and Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenic Patients

“…In agreement with previous findings, our patients with and without TD differed with respect to lifetime total antipsychotic dose [7,26,47,53]. Moderate to high doses of an antipsychotic drug are suggested to cause more EPS than low doses.…”