Changes in Childhood Pneumonia and Infant Mortality Rates Following Introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Nicaragua

Becker‐Dreps, Sylvia; Amaya, Erick; Liu, Lan; Moreno, Gilberto; Rocha, Julio; Briceño, Rafaela; Alemán, Jorge; Hudgens, Michael G.; Woods, Christopher W.; Weber, David J.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000269

Cited by 58 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Within the first two years of a PCV13 immunization program in Nicaragua, provided as the only PCV, investigators observed statistically significant lower risks of pneumonia hospitalizations, compared to the pre-vaccination period: 33% reduction in infants <1 year-old (0.67; 0.59–0.75) and 26% in children 1-<2 years-old (0.74; 0.67–0.81) [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Investigators in Nicaragua (3+0 schedule) recently observed lower rates of all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations among children after the introduction of PCV13 immunization through the GAVI Alliance [19]. Furthermore, two recent studies from Uruguay and France (both 2+1 schedules) reported a significant reduction among children <2 years old of consolidated pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia when transitioning from PCV7 to PCV13 [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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All-Cause Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Children <2 Years Old in Sweden, 1998 to 2012: Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn late 2007, some Swedish County Councils started 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) implementation for children, and PCV7 was included in the national immunization program in 2009. By 2010, both PCV10 and PCV13 were licensed, and the selection of vaccine was subject to County Councils tenders. This study investigated the impact of the order of PCV introduction into vaccination programs on the incidence of all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations in children <2 years-old.MethodsUsing population-based data from the publicly available National Inpatient Registry, the incidence of inpatient pneumonia (ICD-10 J12-J18) hospitalizations by County Councils among children <2 years old was identified between 1998 and 2012. Incidence rate ratios (IRR; 95% CI) were calculated during the nationwide implementation of PCV7 and then between County Councils, as based on the higher-valent vaccine chosen for a program.ResultsThere was a lower risk of all-cause pneumonia hospitalization among <2 year-old children following the introduction of PCV7, as compared to the pre-PCV7 period (0.77; 0.63–0.93). A decreased risk of all-cause pneumonia was also observed in the County Councils that followed the order PCV7 then PCV13 (0.82; 0.66–1.01), while no trend was observed in County Councils with a program in the order PCV7 then PCV10 (1.03; 0.82–1.30). When comparing the higher-valent vaccines, there was a 21% (0.79; 0.66–0.96) lower risk for childhood pneumonia hospitalization in County Councils finally using PCV13 as compared to the experience in County Councils that ultimately adopted PCV10.ConclusionsAmong children <2 years-old, all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations were significantly reduced by 23% one to two years after introduction of PCV7 vaccination in Sweden. In those County Councils that next introduced PCV13, a further decline in all-cause pneumonia hospitalization was observed, in contrast to those County Councils that followed with PCV10; this 21% lower risk for childhood pneumonia hospitalization was statistically significant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Cause Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Children <2 Years Old in Sweden, 1998 to 2012: Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

et al. 2014

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“…Uruguay and Nicaragua) [Becker-Dreps et al 2014;Pirez et al 2014]. This is the first Mexican study based on active surveillance that shows early findings of the effectiveness of PCV-13 on reduction of overall IPD, decrease in pneumococcal serotype 19-A, and early effects of pneumococcal meningitis and fatalities in children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early trends in invasive pneumococcal disease in children following the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: results from eight years of active surveillance in a Mexican hospital

Chacón-Cruz

Rivas-Landeros²,

Volker-Soberanes³

2014

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines

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Background: In May 2012, universal vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced for all children in the Tijuana region of Mexico, with a coverage of 80%. Method: Between October 2005 and September 2013 active surveillance was undertaken for all invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in children admitted to the Tijuana General Hospital. Results: Following PCV-13 implementation, there was a 75% reduction in overall IPD, and no cases of serotype 19A, pneumococcal meningitis, and pneumococcal-associated deaths. Conclusions: These results are the first to show the effectiveness of PCV-13 in Mexico.

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“…USA, Nicaragua, Spain, Denmark, France, Ontario, Israel, South Africa, and UK when high vaccine coverage was achieved. [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] However, in settings with vastly different environmental risk factors, mixing patterns, family structures, and culture such as Malaysia and Hong Kong, it is uncertain the extent to which similar effects will be observed. In the absence of country-specific estimates of herd effects, it was assumed that herd effects observed in these 2 countries would be very similar to that observed in the US post-PCV7 era.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness analysis of infant universal routine pneumococcal vaccination in Malaysia and Hong Kong

Roberts

Lee

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Keywords: herd effect, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), Markov transition-state model, pneumococcal disease, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10)Pneumococcal disease causes large morbidity, mortality and health care utilization and medical and non-medical costs, which can all be reduced by effective infant universal routine immunization programs with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). We evaluated the clinical and economic benefits of such programs with either 10-or 13-valent PCVs in Malaysia and Hong Kong by using an age-stratified Markov cohort model with many country-specific inputs. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated to compare PCV10 or PCV13 against no vaccination and PCV13 against PCV10 over a 10-year birth cohort's vaccination. Both payer and societal perspectives were used. PCV13 had better public health and economic outcomes than a PCV10 program across all scenarios considered. For example, in the base case scenario in Malaysia, PCV13 would reduce more cases of IPD (C2,296), pneumonia (C705,281), and acute otitis media (C376,967) and save more lives (C6,122) than PCV10. Similarly, in Hong Kong, PCV13 would reduce more cases of IPD cases (C529), pneumonia (C172,185), and acute otitis media (C37,727) and save more lives (C2,688) than PCV10. During the same time horizon, PCV13 would gain over 74,000 and 21,600 additional QALYs than PCV10 in Malaysia and Hong Kong, respectively. PCV13 would be cost saving when compared against similar program with PCV10, under both payer and societal perspective in both countries. PCV13 remained a better choice over PCV10 in multiple sensitivity, scenario, and probabilistic analyses. PCV13s broader serotype coverage in its formulation and herd effect compared against PCV10 were important drivers of differences in outcomes.

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Changes in Childhood Pneumonia and Infant Mortality Rates Following Introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Nicaragua

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

All-Cause Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Children <2 Years Old in Sweden, 1998 to 2012: Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

All-Cause Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Children <2 Years Old in Sweden, 1998 to 2012: Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

Early trends in invasive pneumococcal disease in children following the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: results from eight years of active surveillance in a Mexican hospital

Cost-effectiveness analysis of infant universal routine pneumococcal vaccination in Malaysia and Hong Kong

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