Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface

Madronich, S.; McKenzie, R. L.; Björn, Lars Olof; Caldwell, Martyn M.

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00182-1

Cited by 975 publications

(648 citation statements)

References 105 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

606

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exposure to biologically effective ultraviolet (UV) radiation can be beneficial to human health in the form of initiating pre-vitamin D 3 formation [1] and detrimental; such as erythema, skin cancer, ocular damage and more [2]. UV exposure is specific to the formation of the above health effects and much research has been conducted to measure and model UV exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UV exposure is specific to the formation of the above health effects and much research has been conducted to measure and model UV exposure. UV radiation is influenced by (and UV exposure modelling must take into account) many atmospheric factors; including solar zenith angle, altitude, latitude, ozone, clouds, aerosols, albedo (reflectivity) [3,4] and personal factors; including occupation and personal behaviour [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: Ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type

Turner

Parisi

Turnbull

2008

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation affects human life and UV exposure is a significant everyday factor that individuals must be aware of to ensure minimal damaging biological effects to themselves. UV exposure is affected by many complex factors.Albedo is one factor, involving reflection from flat surfaces. Albedo is defined as the ratio of reflected (upwelling) irradiance to incident (downwelling) irradiance and is generally accepted only for horizontal surfaces. Incident irradiance on a non horizontal surface from a variety of incident angles may cause the reflectivity can change. Assumptions about the reflectivity of a vertical surface are frequently made for a variety of purposes but rarely quantified. As urban structures are dominated by vertical surfaces, using albedo to estimate influence on UV exposure is limiting when incident (downwelling) irradiance is not normal to the surface. Changes to the The RRG shows variability in reflective capacities of surface according to the above mentioned factors and present a more realistic influence on UV exposure than albedo for future investigations. Errors in measuring RRG at large solar zenith angles is explored, which equally highlights the errors in albedo measurement at large solar zenith angles.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: Ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type

Turner

Parisi

Turnbull

2008

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The amount of UV-B radiation reaching the Earth surface depends on a variety of conditions, among them, altitude present a significant factor [1]. Many investigations concerning the influence of UV-B radiation on different plants species were carried out during the last 25 years, but relevant studies on agricultural plants conducted in outdoor environments are scarce and the outcomes are variable [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and production of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) treated with reduced, ambient, and enhanced UV-B radiation

Gaberščik

Vončina

Trošt

et al. 2002

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. variety 'Darja'), an important high elevation crop, was studied in order to estimate its vulnerability in changing UV-B environment. Plants were grown in outdoor experiments from July to October under reduced and ambient UV-B levels, and an UV-B level simulating 17% ozone depletion in Ljubljana. During the development the following parameters were monitored: light saturated photosynthetic activity, transpiration, potential and effective photochemical efficiencies of photosystem II, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and methanol soluble UV-B absorbing compounds. At the end of the experiment, growth rate and production of seeds were estimated. In the following growth season the seeds collected from plants exposed to different UV-B treatments were tested for germination capacity. Total UV-B absorbing compounds during plant development were increased by UV-B radiation, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) decreased. Photosynthetic rate was lowered in an early stage of development. UV-B treatment resulted in the increase in the transpiration rate and consequently the decrease in water use efficiency (WUE). The disturbances in water economy and in photosynthesis affected the reproduction potential negatively; the production of seeds in plants cultivated under ambient and enhanced UV-B was 57 and 39% of the production of specimens treated with reduced UV-B, respectively. The germination of seeds collected from treated plants revealed on average about 95% success, independently of the treatment, but the time needed for germination was the shortest for seeds developed under enhanced UV-B level treatment. Enhanced UV-B radiation affected water relations and production of buckwheat, but not the potential of seeds for germination.

show abstract

“…However, the expected ozone recovery could be delayed if the current halogen growth continues into the next decade [Fraser et al, 1999] or interactions between greenhouse-gas increases and radiation slow dynamic transport of tropical air to higher latitudes and increase polar stratospheric cloud formation due to lower temperatures [Shindell et al, 1998]. Then these lower ozone columns will continue to affect surface UVB radiation [Madronich et al, 1998]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper‐stratospheric ozone trends 1979–1998

Newchurch¹,

Bishop²,

Cunnold³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface

Cited by 975 publications

References 105 publications

Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: Ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type

Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: Ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type

Growth and production of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) treated with reduced, ambient, and enhanced UV-B radiation

Upper‐stratospheric ozone trends 1979–1998

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About