Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past two millennia: contribution of climate variability, land-use and Southern Ocean dynamics

Goosse, Hugues; Barriat, Pierre-Yves; Brovkin, Victor; Klein, François; Meißner, Katrin J.; Menviel, Laurie; Mouchet, Anne

doi:10.1007/s00382-021-06078-z

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the climate was not constant. It revealed, for example, a long-term cooling trend between ~1580 and 1880 (Wang et al, 2009;Büntgen et al, 2011;Ahn et al, 2012;PAGES 2k Consortium, 2013;Bauska et al, 2015;Goosse et al, 2022).…”

Section: Steady-state and Human Perturbationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past changes in and present status of the coastal carbon cycle

Rixen

2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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Data were obtained from the literature to identify past changes in and the present status of the coastal carbon cycle. They indicate that marine coastal ecosystems driving the coastal carbon cycle cover, on average, 5.8% of the Earth’s surface and contributed 55.2% to carbon transport from the climate-active carbon cycle to the geological carbon cycle. The data suggest that humans not only increase the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere but also mitigate (and before 1860 even balanced) their CO2 emissions by increasing CO2 storage within marine coastal ecosystems. Soil degradation in response to the expansion and intensification of agriculture is assumed to be a key process driving the enhanced CO2 storage in marine coastal ecosystems because it increases the supply of lithogenic matter that is known to favour the burial of organic matter in sediments. After 1860, rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere indicate that enhanced CO2 emissions caused by land-use changes and the burning of fossil fuel disturbed what was a quasi-steady state before. Ecosystem restoration and the potential expansion of forest cover could mitigate the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but this carbon sink to the atmosphere is much too weak to represent an alternative to the reduction of CO2 emission in order to keep global warming below 1.5–2.°C. Although the contribution of benthic marine coastal ecosystems to the global CO2 uptake potential of ecosystem restoration is only around 6%, this could be significant given national carbon budgets. However, the impact on climate is still difficult to quantify because the associated effects on CH4 and N2O emissions have not been established. Addressing these uncertainties is one of the challenges faced by future research, as are related issues concerning estimates of carbon fluxes between the climate-active and the geological carbon cycle and the development of suitable methods to quantify changes in the CO2 uptake of pelagic ecosystems in the ocean.

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Section: Steady-state and Human Perturbationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past changes in and present status of the coastal carbon cycle

Rixen

2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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“…The CO 2 concentration in the air has increased 52.81 PPM to 418.50 PPM. 45 It took 44 years prior to that for such increase and 7278 years before that (5324 BCE to 1954). (Figure 9) The US GDP in 2021 was 22.99 $ trillion and the national debt in 2021 was $ 29.62 trillion, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 128.84%.…”

Section: Macroeconomic Changes and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Last 25 Years and the Next 25 Years

Lin

2022

FACE

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Professional organizations, like most complex human entities in the world including companies and countries, undergo periodic changes. Sometimes, these changes happen in years, while others may take decades or more. This year is the 75th anniversary of the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons (ASMS), a society born of necessity after World War II, even though its inception goes further back several decades. This brief article commemorates this important landmark and summarizes some key events of the last 25 years from 1997 to 2022, as others have nicely summarized the earlier periods. In addition to changes in clinical, research, and education in the context of craniofacial surgery, the review also examines from the national and global perspectives within which exists ASMS. These historical comparisons allow for appreciation of changes and, more importantly, permits the educated forecast of the future. It is our hope that from the lessons learned from the past will emerge a brighter, better tomorrow.

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Ice core records of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Bauska

2025

Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science

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Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past two millennia: contribution of climate variability, land-use and Southern Ocean dynamics

Cited by 5 publications

References 105 publications

Past changes in and present status of the coastal carbon cycle

Past changes in and present status of the coastal carbon cycle

American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Last 25 Years and the Next 25 Years

Ice core records of atmospheric carbon dioxide

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