Changes in arterial compliance induced by physical training in hammer-throwers

Giannattasio, Cristina; Cattaneo, Bianca M.; Mangoni, Arduino A.; Carugo, Stefano; Sampieri, Lorena; Cuspidi, Cesare; Mancia, Giuseppe

doi:10.1097/00004872-199208001-00014

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A previous study in hammer throwers reported higher compliance in the radial artery of the dominant arm relative to both the contralateral arm and to an inactive control group. 50 The difference between these findings and our own may relate to the arm-specific and dual static and dynamic components of hammer throwing.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Muscular Strength Training Is Associated With Low Arterial Compliance and High Pulse Pressure

et al. 1999

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Abstract-Aerobic exercise training increases arterial compliance and reduces systolic blood pressure, but the effects of muscular strength training on arterial mechanical properties are unknown. We compared blood pressure, whole body arterial compliance, aortic impedance, aortic stiffness (measured by ␤-index and carotid pulse pressure divided by normalized systolic expansion Femoral-dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity was also higher in the athletes, but carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was not different. Furthermore, both carotid (56Ϯ3 versus 44Ϯ2 mm Hg; PϽ0.001) and brachial (60Ϯ3 versus 50Ϯ2 mm Hg; PϽ0.01) pulse pressures were higher in the athletes, but mean arterial pressure and resting heart rate did not differ between groups. These data indicate that both the proximal aorta and the leg arteries are stiffer in strength-trained individuals and contribute to a higher cardiac afterload. (Hypertension. 1999;33:1385-1391.) Key Words: mechanical properties, arterial Ⅲ stiffness Ⅲ compliance Ⅲ exercise A rterial compliance plays a role in determining both arterial systolic and diastolic pressure and therefore, in a clinical context, influences left ventricular size and function, coronary blood flow, and the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. [1][2][3] In the past, measures of arterial compliance in humans have been invasive, and therefore surrogate measures such as peripheral pulse pressure have been applied to investigate potential relationships with clinical outcomes. Pulse pressure correlates closely with serious cardiovascular outcomes such as myocardial infarction, 4 thus highlighting arterial compliance as a potential target for risk reduction therapy.Arterial compliance decreases with increasing age, 5-8 in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, 5,9 -12 and in hypertensive individuals. [13][14][15] Aerobic exercise has welldocumented efficacy for cardiovascular risk reduction, and it appears that at least part of its benefit derives from modification of arterial properties. In cross-sectional studies, aerobically trained athletes have a higher arterial compliance than sedentary individuals. 6,16,17 Furthermore, arterial compliance is elevated independently of blood pressure reduction in previously sedentary males after a 4-week program of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training. 18 These data suggest that aerobic exercise structurally modifies the large arteries, a postulate supported by studies of ex vivo aortic properties in rats, after 16 weeks of spontaneous running. 19,20 While aerobic exercise is widely recommended as a preventative and therapeutic strategy, resistance-style training is becoming more popular, although it is less well studied with respect to its effects on blood pressure, and no previous study has examined arterial mechanical properties in this context. High-level resistance training is associated with abrupt and large pressor responses 21 and in the long term leads to a concentric ventricular hypertrophy. [22][23][24][25] We hypothesize that arterial mechanical modifica...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Muscular Strength Training Is Associated With Low Arterial Compliance and High Pulse Pressure

et al. 1999

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“…Because afferent baroreceptor sensitivity is impaired in SHR, 2 we hypothesize that exercise training may compensate for this impairment and thus improve baroreceptor sensitivity. Indeed, exercise training increases brachial and femoral artery compliance, 4,5 which may alter baroreceptor sensitivity. Exercise training also induces an increase in the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine in SHR 6 by releasing endothelial factors that act on the baroreceptor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Increases Baroreceptor Gain Sensitivity in Normal and Hypertensive Rats

et al. 2000

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Abstract-Exercise training attenuates arterial hypertension and increases baroreflex sensitivity in spontaneous hypertension. However, no information exists regarding the portion of the baroreflex arch in which this attenuation takes place. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training increases the afferent pathway sensitivity of baroreflex control in both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Arterial pressure and whole-nerve activity of the aortic baroreceptor (multifiber preparation) were evaluated in 30 male rats assigned to 4 groups: sedentary and exercise-trained normotensive rats and sedentary and exercise-trained SHR. Exercise training was performed on a motor treadmill, 5 d/wk for 60 minutes, gradually progressing toward a speed of 26.8 m/min. Exercise training reduced mean arterial pressure in conscious exercise-trained SHR (183Ϯ4 versus 165Ϯ7 mm Hg). The relation between changes in aortic baroreceptor discharge and changes in systolic arterial pressure increased significantly in exercise-trained normotensive rats (2.09Ϯ0.1 versus 1.44Ϯ0.1%/mm Hg) and exercise-trained SHR (0.92Ϯ0.1 versus 0.71Ϯ0.1%/mm Hg) compared with their respective sedentary rats. Likewise, the average aortic baroreceptor gain sensitivity (calculated by logistic equation) was significantly higher in exercise-trained normotensive rats (2.25Ϯ0.19 versus 1.77Ϯ0.03%/mm Hg) and exercise-trained SHR (1.07Ϯ0.04 versus 0.82Ϯ0.05%/mm Hg) compared with their respective sedentary control rats. In conclusion, exercise training increases aortic baroreceptor gain sensitivity in normotensive and SHR, thus improving baroreceptor sensitivity, which may result in a more efficient arterial pressure regulation by the baroreflexes.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] There is evidence, however, that large and conduit artery mechanical properties are also modified by training and that the modification consists of an increase in distensibility 10 -13 that is particularly evident in the arteries of the limbs most involved in the physical activity. 14 Whether arterial mechanical properties are modified also by ordinary levels of physical activity (rather than becoming manifest only during exercise training) has never been investigated. In the present study, we addressed this issue by measuring radial artery diameter and distensibility in subjects in whom 1 arm was immobilized in plaster for 30 days because of an elbow fracture.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Prolonged Immobilization of the Limb on Radial Artery Mechanical Properties

et al. 1998

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Abstract-Physical training is associated with an increase in arterial distensibility. Whether the effect of training on this variable is evident also for ordinary levels of exercise or no exercise is unknown, however. We have addressed this issue by investigating the effect on radial artery distensibility of prolonged monolateral immobilization of the ipsilateral limb versus the following resumption of normal mobility. We studied 7 normotensive subjects (age, 25.4Ϯ3.0 years; systolic/diastolic blood pressure, 119Ϯ9/68Ϯ6 mm Hg, meanϮSE) in whom 1 limb had been immobilized for 30 days in plaster because of a fracture of the elbow. At both the day after plaster removal and after 45 days of rehabilitation, radial artery distensibility was evaluated by an echo-tracking device (NIUS-02), which allows arterial diameter to be measured noninvasively and continuously over all pressures from diastole to systole (finger monitoring), with the distensibility values being continuously derived from the Langewouters formula. In both instances, the contralateral arm was used as control. Immediately after removal of the plaster, radial artery distensibility was markedly less in the previously immobilized and fractured limb compared with the contralateral limb (0.4Ϯ0.1 versus 0.8Ϯ0.1, 1/mm Hg 10 Ϫ3, PϽ0.05). After rehabilitation, the distensibility of the radial artery was markedly increased in the previously fractured limb (0.65Ϯ0.1 1/mm Hg 10 Ϫ3, PϽ0.05), whereas no change was seen in the contralateral limb. Thus, complete interruption of physical activity is associated with a marked reduction of arterial distensibility, indicating that even an ordinary level of activity plays a major role in modulation of arterial mechanical properties. (Hypertension. 1998;32:584-587.) Key Words: arterial distensibility Ⅲ training Ⅲ exercise Ⅲ vessels Ⅲ circulation E xercise training is associated with several changes in cardiac and arteriolar structure and function. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] There is evidence, however, that large and conduit artery mechanical properties are also modified by training and that the modification consists of an increase in distensibility 10 -13 that is particularly evident in the arteries of the limbs most involved in the physical activity.14 Whether arterial mechanical properties are modified also by ordinary levels of physical activity (rather than becoming manifest only during exercise training) has never been investigated. In the present study, we addressed this issue by measuring radial artery diameter and distensibility in subjects in whom 1 arm was immobilized in plaster for 30 days because of an elbow fracture. The examination was performed on the day after removal of the plaster and after 45 days of rehabilitation, in both instances using the contralateral radial artery as control. Methods SubjectsWe studied 7 healthy, right-handed young subjects (5 males, 2 females) aged from 17 to 30 years (25.4Ϯ3.0 years, meanϮSE). The subjects suffered from elbow fracture that had been treated by complete immobilizat...

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Changes in arterial compliance induced by physical training in hammer-throwers

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Muscular Strength Training Is Associated With Low Arterial Compliance and High Pulse Pressure

Muscular Strength Training Is Associated With Low Arterial Compliance and High Pulse Pressure

Exercise Training Increases Baroreceptor Gain Sensitivity in Normal and Hypertensive Rats

Effects of Prolonged Immobilization of the Limb on Radial Artery Mechanical Properties

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