Changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns and dominance of extended spectrum β-lactamase genes among faecal Escherichia coli isolates from broilers and workers during two rearing periods

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, especially extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, in the intestinal tract of broilers could be a threat to poultry and human. We investigated changes of antimicrobial resistance patterns and frequency of ESBL genes among faecal E. coli isolates of broilers and workers in five different farms during two rearing periods in Iran. In this regard, E. coli was isolated from rectal swabs of the workers and cloacal swabs of the broilers. After detection of antibiotic resistance patterns, phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of ESBL phenotype in these strains, carriage of the resistance genes on their crude plasmid extracts and diversity of plasmid profiles were analysed. Accordingly, multidrug-resistant (MDR) patterns were detected in a high percentage of E. coli strains from the workers (72.7%) and poultry (92.3%). ESBL-producing E. coli strains were identified in these farms throughout the two periods of rearing (6.3%). bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-61 , bla TEM-116 and bla TEM-1 were characterised in 6 (Period I/II: 4/2), 1 (Period I), 2 (Period II) and 9 (Period I/II: 5/4) strains, respectively. The first isolation of E. coli strains harbouring the bla TEM116 gene in chicken is reported in this study. In conclusion, results of this study showed that chickens could serve as a reservoir for ESBL-producing E. coli strains. These strains could carry clinically important ESBL or new emerging b-lactamases genes. Early colonisation and selection of the resistant strains during rearing periods proposed illegal use of antimicrobials as the cause of change in resistance patterns in the studied farms. ARTICLE HISTORY

Chromosome Mediated Fluoroquinolone and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistant Genes in E. coli of Poultry Origin in Ekiti State

“…In contrast, resistance to meropenem was the lowest and this may be due to non-use of the carbapenemase class of antibiotics for therapy in poultry. Geographically, this result contrasts that of [26] that the percentage resistance of E. coli from human origin to carbapenemese in most European countries was less than 1% [27]. Majority of the isolates were resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics.…”

Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli in broiler farm workers and the farm environment in Chiang Mai-Lamphun, Thailand

“…There is great variation in the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli in broiler farms from different countries. For example, ESBL farm prevalence was reported in 28.21% of boot swab samples and, 60.26% by cloacal swab samples in the Philippines, 45 % from Belgium, 100% from Netherlands, 6.3% from Iran, and 42.1% from Portugal (Costa et al, 2009;Dierikx et al, 2013;Doregiraee et al, 2018;Gundran et al, 2019;Huijbers et al, 2014;Smet et al, 2008). These differences may be due to differences in locations, time, sampling strategy, and laboratory techniques (Li et al, 2016;Gundran et al, 2019).…”

Antibiotic Treatment and Antibiogram Profiles of E.coli Isolated from Selected Poultry Farms in Ido-Ekiti

“…Conversely, [22] reported that the percentage resistance of E. coli from human origin to carbapenemase in most European countries was less than 1% except Belaraus, with a higher range of 10% -25%. Also, the level of resistance of E. coli from poultry and human sources in Iran to meropenem was reported to be 20% and 60%, respectively [23].…”