Chagas Disease

Rassi, Anis; Marin‐Neto, José Antônio

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1422-3_3

Cited by 73 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, these lesions are result of an inflammatory and fibrotic process, as a consequence of a type IV immune response with delayed hypersensitivity, activation of memory T cells, and mononuclear cell recruitment to the inflammation site. In these cases, a reinfection caused by a demonstrated continued cohabitation with the vector favors chronicity and lesion progression, as demonstrated by Dr. Chagas himself (Chagas 1911;Tarleton 1995;Andrade 1999;Marin-Neto et al 2007;Salazar-Schettino et al 2009;Rassi and Marin-Neto 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The ensuing pulmonary hypertension in these cases may not be solely due to a functional impairment of the organ, but also to a reduced microvascular circulation caused by an increase in platelet aggregation and endothelial adhesion, with formation of microthrombi (Rassi and Marin-Neto 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During chronic infections, parasite containment is achieved by a balance of the immune response and inflammation, which affects host tissues and may influence the progression of the disease; either an inefficient or an excessive immune response is harmful, since an increase in parasite load or in the inflammatory response may lead to tissue damage (Rassi and Marin-Neto 2010). The main pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the parasite, including autonomic disorders, alteration of the humoral and cellular immune response, and microvascular disorders, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the parasite, including autonomic disorders, alteration of the humoral and cellular immune response, and microvascular disorders, are shown in Fig. 1 (Teixeira et al 2006;Marin-Neto et al 2007;Marin-Neto and Rassi 2009;Rassi and Marin-Neto 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chagas Disease in Mexico: Report of 14 Cases of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Children

Salazar-Schettino

Cabrera-Bravo

Vázquez-Antona

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Chagas disease is a parasitic infection mainly found in Latin America; it is transmitted by a triatomine, also known as assassin bug or kissing bug. In humans, the parasite causes mostly cardiac disorders. Two-thirds of the Mexican territory are regarded as risk areas for vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent. The parasite can be found as a blood-borne trypomastigote or as an intracellular amastigote. The progression and severity of lesions could be due to frequent reinfections or to infection by highly virulent strains. A total of 3,327 individuals younger than 18 years old, living in risk areas for this disease in the rural setting of the States of Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz, underwent a seroepidemiological study. Among them, 37 subjects were seropositive for T. cruzi, and were studied to look for signs of cardiac pathology, which has only been reported in adults. A clinical record was prepared for all included individuals, and electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) studies were performed; 25 cases showed lesions compatible with the onset of Chagas cardiomyopathy. The other 12 patients showed either normal ECG and ECHO data or showed abnormal parameters that were not regarded as significant. Lesions found in the onset of Chagas cardiomyopathy in children are herein reported, along with 14 cases of cardiac pathology compatible with Chagas disease. Our results indicate that patients younger than 18 years can show a cardiac pathology similar to that observed in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chagas Disease in Mexico: Report of 14 Cases of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Children

Salazar-Schettino

Cabrera-Bravo

Vázquez-Antona

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…During the chronic phase, the parasite exists mainly in the heart and muscle of the digestive system, causing cardiomyopathy and/or intestinal dilatation such as megacolon (Rassi et al 2010). Patients suffering from chagasic megacolon have an intact mucosal barrier, and while the selective survival of VIP-ergic nerve fibres within the lamina propria has been demonstrated, a loss of cholinergic neurons occurs in the myenteric and submucosal plexus (Jabari et al 2014a, b).…”

Section: Mucosal Barrier In Human Chagasic-megacolonic Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

In focus in HCB

Taatjes

Roth

2017

Histochem Cell Biol

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Molecular Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi for Lineage Assignment and Population Genetics

Messenger¹,

Yeo²,

Lewis³

et al. 2014

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, remains a major public health problem in Latin America. Infection with T. cruzi is lifelong and can lead to a spectrum of pathological sequelae ranging from subclinical to lethal cardiac and/or gastrointestinal complications. Isolates of T. cruzi can be assigned to six genetic lineages or discrete typing units (DTUs), which are broadly associated with disparate ecologies, transmission cycles, and geographical distributions. This extensive genetic diversity is also believed to contribute to the clinical variation observed among chagasic patients. Unravelling the population structure of T. cruzi is fundamental to understanding Chagas disease epidemiology, developing control strategies, and resolving the relationship between parasite genotype and clinical prognosis. To date, no single, widely validated, genetic target allows unequivocal resolution to DTU-level. In this chapter we present standardized methods for strain DTU assignment using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) and nuclear multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PCR-RFLPs have the advantages of simplicity and reproducibility, requiring limited expertise and few laboratory consumables. MLST data are more laborious to generate but more informative; DNA sequences are readily transferable between research groups and amenable to recombination detection and intra-lineage analyses. We also recommend a mitochondrial (maxicircle) MLST scheme and a panel of 28 microsatellite loci for higher resolution population genetics studies. Due to the scarcity of T. cruzi in blood and tissue, all of these genotyping techniques have limited sensitivity when applied directly to clinical or biological specimens, particularly when targets are single (MLST) or low copy number (PCR-RFLPs). We therefore describe essential protocols to isolate parasites, derive biological clones, and extract T. cruzi genomic DNA from field and clinical samples.

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Chagas Disease

Cited by 73 publications

References 87 publications

Chagas Disease in Mexico: Report of 14 Cases of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Children

Chagas Disease in Mexico: Report of 14 Cases of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Children

In focus in HCB

Molecular Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi for Lineage Assignment and Population Genetics

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