CFD analysis on characteristics of contaminated indoor air ventilation and its application in the evaluation of the effects of contaminant inhalation by a human occupant

Hayashi, Tatsuya; Ishizu, Yoshiaki; Kato, Shinsuke; Murakami, Shuzo

doi:10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00029-4

Cited by 100 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The breathing of the HSM was determined to be the steady inhalation model of Hayashi et al 13) . This model was used to examine the effect of the air exhaled by the HSM on the neighboring HSM.…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: contribution ratio of the pollution source i (%) 2) C' x (X) : concentration at point X where the tracer is uniformly generated through a room in total generation rate q (kg/s) 2) C'' x (X) : virtual concentration at point X where the tracer is uniformly generated through a room in total generation rate q (kg/s) and time pass in reverse 3) C n (X) : concentration at point X where the tracer is generated at the nth supply opening in generation rate q (kg/s) 4) C o , C s : concentration under perfect mixing conditions, C o , C s = q/Q 5) C no : concentration of the tracer at the nth supply opening, C no = q/Q n 6) SVE3(X) : age of air at position X in the spatial room 7) SVE4(X,n) : contribution ratio of the nth supply opening at point X 8) SVE6(X) : residual life time of air at position X in the spatial room 9) q : tracer generation rate (kg/s) 10) q i : pollutant (i) inhaled by a human (mg/s) 11) Q : total airflow rate (m/s) 12) Q i : amount of pollutant (i) generated (mg/s) 13 …”

Section: ) Crp1 Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Analysis of the Inhaled-Air Quality for the Inpatients in a Four-Bed Sickroom

Yang

2013

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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This study examined the effects of the position and number of the supply openings (SOs) and exhaust openings (EOs) on the inhaled-air quality of inpatients using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The positions and number of SOs and EOs were selected to create mixing ventilation, displacement ventilation for a calm indoor environment, and personal ventilation for each inpatient's ventilation. The effect of the installation of a curtain in the sickroom on the inhaled-air quality for inpatients was also examined. The inhaled-air quality of the inpatients was evaluated using the age of air, residual life of air, contribution ratio of nostril-exhaled air, and contribution ratio of the pollution source from the sickroom floor. CFD analysis showed that displacement ventilation, which uses a large SO with a low airflow velocity, supplied better air to the inpatients than the other ventilation methods, but pollution from the sickroom floor made a significant contribution. Overall, in general sickrooms and intensive care units, low-airflow-velocity displacement ventilation can supply high-quality air to the inpatients but the sickroom floor must be cleaned thoroughly.

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Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Crp1 Imentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Analysis of the Inhaled-Air Quality for the Inpatients in a Four-Bed Sickroom

Yang

2013

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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“…The air breathed by people in an underground parking lots is not higher than 1.8 m from the floor, considering the thermal plume of the human body 22) . Fig.7.…”

Section: Ventilation Efficiency For Different Mechanical Ventilation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Securing Required Ventilation Rates and Improving Mechanical Ventilation Systems for Underground Parking Lots

Ahn

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2016

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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This study presents ventilation guidelines for underground parking lots for building designers. The guidelines are classified into those for natural ventilation and those for mechanical ventilation. CONTAMW was used to study the natural ventilation of underground parking lots. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study the ventilation efficiency of the mechanical ventilation system. The study results are as follows: 1) Underground parking lots had the lowest seasonal natural ventilation rates in the period between winter and summer when the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures was small. 2) In an apartment building, the required ventilation rate for the underground parking lots could be secured for up to 40 parked cars by natural ventilation alone, regardless of season. 3) In business facilities, the required ventilation rate could be secured for up to 38 parked cars when the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures was 3°C in the period between winter and summer. 4) In the case of the mechanical ventilation of the underground parking lots, the best ventilation efficiency was observed with a downward air supply system of jet fans in combination with an air supply near the floor and an air exhaust near the ceiling.

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“…In terms of the analysis subject, if the pollution source is gas, either model can carry out a diffusion analysis by inputting the physical properties of the gas being analyzed. In the case of solid particles, such as dust or microbes, the analysis is possible in the network model because it has a pollution source model for solids, but the analyses in the CFD model handles the solid particle diffusion indirectly by setting gases such as CO 2 , N 2 O, or SF 6 as the tracer gas and inputting their gaseous physical properties. On the one hand, the network model can calculate the volume and direction of current movement between zones in a multi-zone building with a ventilation system, taking into account the climate conditions and whether the ventilation openings are open or closed.…”

Section: Airborne Transmission Analysis Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ward Ventilation on Hospital Cross Infection by Varying the Location of Supply and Exhaust Air Diffuser Using CFD

Lim

Cho²,

Kim

2010

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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The SARS virus began to appear and spread in North America and Southeast Asia in the early 2000's, infecting and harming many people. In the process of examining the causes for the virus, studies on the airborne pathogen SARS virus and the way it spread were carried out mainly in the medical field. In the field of architecture, studies were done on the diffusion of air pollutants in buildings using gases such as CO 2 , N 2 O, or SF 6 , but research on virus diffusion was limited. There were also explanations of only the diffusion process without accurate information and discussion on virus characteristics. The aim of this study is to analyze the physical characteristics of airborne virus, consider the possibility of using a coupled analysis model and tracer gas for analyzing virus diffusion in building space and, based on reports of how the infection spread in a hospital where SARS patients were discovered, analyze infection risk using tracer gas density and also diffusion patterns according to the location and volume of supply diffusers and exhaust grilles. This paper can provide standards and logical principles for evaluating various alternatives for making decisions on horizontal ward placement, air supply and exhaust installation and volumes in large hospitals.

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CFD analysis on characteristics of contaminated indoor air ventilation and its application in the evaluation of the effects of contaminant inhalation by a human occupant

Cited by 100 publications

References 2 publications

CFD Analysis of the Inhaled-Air Quality for the Inpatients in a Four-Bed Sickroom

CFD Analysis of the Inhaled-Air Quality for the Inpatients in a Four-Bed Sickroom

Study of Securing Required Ventilation Rates and Improving Mechanical Ventilation Systems for Underground Parking Lots

The Influence of Ward Ventilation on Hospital Cross Infection by Varying the Location of Supply and Exhaust Air Diffuser Using CFD

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