Cervical varix accompanied by placenta previa in twin pregnancy

Abstract

It is important to recognize the clinical features and available treatments for cervical varix.

Cervical varix with placenta previa totalis

“…In the present case, there is no history of DES exposure of the uterus. Two of seven cases were placenta previa 5 . Placenta previa will have more blood flow to the cervix to drain the placental bed, which is a risk factor for cervical varix.…”

Cervical varices complicated by thrombosis in pregnancy

“…Varicose veins are a common complication of pregnancy, observed most commonly in the lower extremities, anus and vulva1. Varices of the uterine cervix, however, are rare, and only a few cases have been reported2–7. Generally, varicose veins are the result of increased venous pressure caused by the increased intravascular volume and compression of the inferior vena cava by the enlarging uterus, in addition to hormonal changes1.…”

Heterotopic cervical pregnancy treated with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration resulting in cervical site varices within the myometrium

“…This patient had no history of DES exposure. Other possible etiologies for uterine varix are venous distension due to plasma volume expansion, hormonal changes, increased intra-abdominal pressure, arterial venous fistula, and compression of the inferior vena cava and pelvic veins by the pregnant uterus (12,13). In this case, it is not clear how the cervical ectopic pregnancy contributed to the varices.…”

“…Four of the six case reports involved maternal exposure of diethylstilbestrol (DES) (11). Diethylstilbestrol is known to cause arteriovenous malformation, which is a possible etiology of uterine varix (11)(12)(13). This patient had no history of DES exposure.…”