Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal IgG Bands in Patients With Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation and Structural Central Nervous System Lesions

Abstract

Structural CNS lesions, responsible for the neurological disorder, were present in 20 patients (7.5%) with cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands. The mechanism underlying oligoclonal IgG presence in spinal arteriovenous malformation and the coexistence of multiple sclerosis and structural CNS lesions is unknown, but may be related to recurrent tissue damage with repeated presentation of CNS antigens to the immune system.

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study

“…Regarding our findings on the KFLC IF and KFLC index, the differences in serum KFLC concentrations do not have any impact, as serum values are used for the calculation of the KFLC IF and KFLC index. To our knowledge, we here report for the first time intrathecal KFLC synthesis in cases of astrocytoma and glioblastoma, although different studies have already described the presence of OCBs in those diseases 30. The finding of KFLC synthesis in CNS tumors might elucidate a limitation of KFLC testing in cases of brain lesions, which are not clearly attributable to CNS inflammation (or neoplasia), e.g.…”

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study

“…Regarding our findings on the KFLC IF and KFLC index, the differences in serum KFLC concentrations do not have any impact, as serum values are used for the calculation of the KFLC IF and KFLC index. To our knowledge, we here report for the first time intrathecal KFLC synthesis in cases of astrocytoma and glioblastoma, although different studies have already described the presence of OCBs in those diseases 30. The finding of KFLC synthesis in CNS tumors might elucidate a limitation of KFLC testing in cases of brain lesions, which are not clearly attributable to CNS inflammation (or neoplasia), e.g.…”

Association between the Anatomical Location of Glioblastoma and Its Evaluation with Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In this review, 121 studies were included with a sample size of 6224 patients with glioblastoma, of which 64 studies corresponding to 52.89% of the total were retrospective studies [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ,…”

“…The second domain is the correct reporting of the study design; 120 studies presented a low risk of bias in this domain, and 3 presented a high risk since they did not clearly report the design of their studies [ 12 , 29 , 42 ]. For the third domain, which analyzes the study’s methodological characteristics, 119 studies presented a low risk of bias, while 4 presented a high risk since their methodology was unclear [ 29 , 39 , 67 , 69 ]. The fourth domain is the correct description of anatomy; 116 studies presented a low risk of bias in this domain, while 7 studies presented a higher risk since they did not include an anatomical description of the variant but instead merely named it [ 15 , 19 , 31 , 37 , 47 , 69 , 73 ].…”

“…The clinical implications associated with the anatomical location of glioblastoma were analyzed in different articles, with a total of 107 articles in which a relationship was not made between the region of glioblastoma and a clinical implication [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , …”

“…In this review, 121 studies were included with a sample size of 6224 patients with glioblastoma, of which 64 studies corresponding to 52.89% of the total were retrospective studies , 27 (22.31%) prospective studies , 24 (19.83%) case reports , 3 (2.48%) cadaveric studies [125][126][127], 2 (1.65%) cross-sectional studies [128,129], and finally, only 1 (0.83%) study that presented a case report along with a literature review [130]. The samples included in the studies were distributed across all continents with the exception of Africa; the Asian continent was represented by a total of 56 studies corresponding to 46.28% of the total studies and a sample of 2801 corresponding to 45.00% of the total patients [10,12,16,17,[19][20][21]24,27,[30][31][32]35,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44]46,49,51,53,59,[65][66][67][68][69]71,73,[75][76][77]83,[86]…”

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study

“…Regarding our findings on the KFLC IF and KFLC index, the differences in serum KFLC concentrations do not have any impact, as serum values are used for the calculation of the KFLC IF and KFLC index. To our knowledge, we here report for the first time intrathecal KFLC synthesis in cases of astrocytoma and glioblastoma, although different studies have already described the presence of OCBs in those diseases 30. The finding of KFLC synthesis in CNS tumors might elucidate a limitation of KFLC testing in cases of brain lesions, which are not clearly attributable to CNS inflammation (or neoplasia), e.g.…”

Association between the Anatomical Location of Glioblastoma and Its Evaluation with Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In this review, 121 studies were included with a sample size of 6224 patients with glioblastoma, of which 64 studies corresponding to 52.89% of the total were retrospective studies [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ,…”

“…The second domain is the correct reporting of the study design; 120 studies presented a low risk of bias in this domain, and 3 presented a high risk since they did not clearly report the design of their studies [ 12 , 29 , 42 ]. For the third domain, which analyzes the study’s methodological characteristics, 119 studies presented a low risk of bias, while 4 presented a high risk since their methodology was unclear [ 29 , 39 , 67 , 69 ]. The fourth domain is the correct description of anatomy; 116 studies presented a low risk of bias in this domain, while 7 studies presented a higher risk since they did not include an anatomical description of the variant but instead merely named it [ 15 , 19 , 31 , 37 , 47 , 69 , 73 ].…”

“…The clinical implications associated with the anatomical location of glioblastoma were analyzed in different articles, with a total of 107 articles in which a relationship was not made between the region of glioblastoma and a clinical implication [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , …”

“…In this review, 121 studies were included with a sample size of 6224 patients with glioblastoma, of which 64 studies corresponding to 52.89% of the total were retrospective studies , 27 (22.31%) prospective studies , 24 (19.83%) case reports , 3 (2.48%) cadaveric studies [125][126][127], 2 (1.65%) cross-sectional studies [128,129], and finally, only 1 (0.83%) study that presented a case report along with a literature review [130]. The samples included in the studies were distributed across all continents with the exception of Africa; the Asian continent was represented by a total of 56 studies corresponding to 46.28% of the total studies and a sample of 2801 corresponding to 45.00% of the total patients [10,12,16,17,[19][20][21]24,27,[30][31][32]35,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44]46,49,51,53,59,[65][66][67][68][69]71,73,[75][76][77]83,[86]…”

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study

“…Regarding our findings on the KFLC IF and KFLC index, the differences in serum KFLC concentrations do not have any impact, as serum values are used for the calculation of the KFLC IF and KFLC index. To our knowledge, we here report for the first time intrathecal KFLC synthesis in cases of astrocytoma and glioblastoma, although different studies have already described the presence of OCBs in those diseases 30. The finding of KFLC synthesis in CNS tumors might elucidate a limitation of KFLC testing in cases of brain lesions, which are not clearly attributable to CNS inflammation (or neoplasia), e.g.…”

Association between the Anatomical Location of Glioblastoma and Its Evaluation with Clinical Considerations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In this review, 121 studies were included with a sample size of 6224 patients with glioblastoma, of which 64 studies corresponding to 52.89% of the total were retrospective studies [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ,…”

“…The second domain is the correct reporting of the study design; 120 studies presented a low risk of bias in this domain, and 3 presented a high risk since they did not clearly report the design of their studies [ 12 , 29 , 42 ]. For the third domain, which analyzes the study’s methodological characteristics, 119 studies presented a low risk of bias, while 4 presented a high risk since their methodology was unclear [ 29 , 39 , 67 , 69 ]. The fourth domain is the correct description of anatomy; 116 studies presented a low risk of bias in this domain, while 7 studies presented a higher risk since they did not include an anatomical description of the variant but instead merely named it [ 15 , 19 , 31 , 37 , 47 , 69 , 73 ].…”

“…The clinical implications associated with the anatomical location of glioblastoma were analyzed in different articles, with a total of 107 articles in which a relationship was not made between the region of glioblastoma and a clinical implication [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , …”

“…In this review, 121 studies were included with a sample size of 6224 patients with glioblastoma, of which 64 studies corresponding to 52.89% of the total were retrospective studies , 27 (22.31%) prospective studies , 24 (19.83%) case reports , 3 (2.48%) cadaveric studies [125][126][127], 2 (1.65%) cross-sectional studies [128,129], and finally, only 1 (0.83%) study that presented a case report along with a literature review [130]. The samples included in the studies were distributed across all continents with the exception of Africa; the Asian continent was represented by a total of 56 studies corresponding to 46.28% of the total studies and a sample of 2801 corresponding to 45.00% of the total patients [10,12,16,17,[19][20][21]24,27,[30][31][32]35,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44]46,49,51,53,59,[65][66][67][68][69]71,73,[75][76][77]83,[86]…”