Cerebral pyogranuloma associated with systemic coronavirus infection in a ferret

Gnirs, Kirsten; Quinton, Jean-François; Dally, Claire; Nicolier, Alexandra; Ruel, Yannick

doi:10.1111/jsap.12377

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Variable granulomatous lesions were present on histology (15). Shortly after the initial report of FRSCV, additional cases have been described, with a wide range of clinical signs, including diarrhea, hind limb weakness, inappetence, cluster seizures, and other neurological abnormalities, icterus, palpation of abdominal masses, organomegaly, coughing, vomiting, bruxism, rectal prolapse, panophthalmitis, systolic murmur, and skin erythema (39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). Common findings on complete blood count (CBC) panels include anemia, (neutrophilic) leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia (39-41, 43, 45-47).…”

Section: Ferretsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronaviruses Associated with the Superfamily Musteloidea

Stout

Guo

Millet

et al. 2021

mBio

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Among the animal superfamily Musteloidea, which includes those commonly known as mustelids, naturally occurring and species-specific alphacoronavirus infections have been observed in both mink (Mustela vison/Neovison vison) and domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV), in particular, has been associated with a rare but fatal systemic disease. In recent months, it has become apparent that both minks and ferrets are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus and the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several mink farms have experienced SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, and experimental models have demonstrated susceptibility of ferrets to SARS-CoV-2. The potential for pet ferrets to become infected with SARS-CoV-2, however, remains elusive. During the 2002–2003 SARS epidemic, it was also apparent that ferrets were susceptible to SARS-CoV and could be utilized in vaccine development. From a comparative standpoint, understanding the relationships between different infections and disease pathogenesis in the animal superfamily Musteloidea may help elucidate viral infection and transmission mechanisms, as well as treatment and prevention strategies for coronaviruses.

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Section: Ferretsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronaviruses Associated with the Superfamily Musteloidea

Stout

Guo

Millet

et al. 2021

mBio

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“…Coronaviruses are spherical, enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses within the family Coronaviridae, named for the ultrastructural "crown-like" (corona) appearance of the spike proteins on the virion surface. Coronaviruses infect humans as well as many other mammalian and avian species, generally causing variably severe intestinal, respiratory, neurologic, or systemic disease syndromes [1][2][3][4]. Genomically, coronaviruses are among the largest of the RNA viruses, with genomes spanning 27.6 to 31 kilobases (kb) in length [5], approximately three times the size of most retroviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Haake

Cook

Pusterla

et al. 2020

Viruses

140

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Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, or systemic diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts that vary in clinical severity from subclinical to fatal. The host range and tissue tropism are largely determined by the coronaviral spike protein, which initiates cellular infection by promoting fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Companion animal coronaviruses responsible for causing enteric infection include feline enteric coronavirus, ferret enteric coronavirus, canine enteric coronavirus, equine coronavirus, and alpaca enteric coronavirus, while canine respiratory coronavirus and alpaca respiratory coronavirus result in respiratory infection. Ferret systemic coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus, a mutated feline enteric coronavirus, can lead to lethal immuno-inflammatory systemic disease. Recent human viral pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and most recently, COVID-19, all thought to originate from bat coronaviruses, demonstrate the zoonotic potential of coronaviruses and their potential to have devastating impacts. A better understanding of the coronaviruses of companion animals, their capacity for cross-species transmission, and the sharing of genetic information may facilitate improved prevention and control strategies for future emerging zoonotic coronaviruses. This article reviews the clinical, epidemiologic, virologic, and pathologic characteristics of nine important coronaviruses of companion animals.

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“…The morbidity of these coronavirus diarrheal diseases in ferrets and minks is high but mortality is generally low unless the infected animals have concurrent illnesses, such as Aleutian disease ( Gorham et al, 1990 ). Interestingly, a systemic disease associated with ferret coronavirus has appeared in 2002 in the US and the EU and subsequently in Asia ( Autieri et al, 2015 ; Garner et al, 2008 ; Gnirs et al, 2016 ; Lindemann et al, 2016 ; Terada et al, 2014 ). Ferrets affected with this novel ferret systemic coronavirus disease (FSCV) exhibit weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia and granulomatous lesions in various organs and occasional neurological signs, which indicate that a quite different disease pathogenesis is involved in this progressively fatal disease ( Garner et al, 2008 ; Gnirs et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronaviruses

et al. 2018

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Ferret and mink coronaviruses typically cause catarrhal diarrhea in ferrets and minks, respectively. In recent years, however, systemic fatal coronavirus infection has emerged in ferrets, which resembles feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats. FIP is a highly fatal systemic disease caused by a virulent feline coronavirus infection in cats. Despite the importance of coronavirus infections in these animals, there are no effective commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs available for these infections. We have previously reported the efficacy of a protease inhibitor in cats with FIP, demonstrating that a virally encoded 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a valid target for antiviral drug development for coronavirus infections. In this study, we extended our previous work on coronavirus inhibitors and investigated the structure-activity relationships of a focused library of protease inhibitors for ferret and mink 3CLpro. Using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, we identified potent inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronavirus 3CLpro. Multiple amino acid sequence analysis and modelling of 3CLpro of ferret and mink coronaviruses were conducted to probe the structural basis for these findings. The results of this study provide support for further research to develop broad-spectrum antiviral agents for multiple coronavirus infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on small molecule inhibitors of ferret and mink coronaviruses.

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Cerebral pyogranuloma associated with systemic coronavirus infection in a ferret

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Coronaviruses Associated with the Superfamily Musteloidea

Coronaviruses Associated with the Superfamily Musteloidea

Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Protease inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronaviruses

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