Cepstral peak prominence: A comprehensive analysis

Fraile, Rubén; Godino-Llorente, Juan Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2014.07.001

Cited by 89 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…And yet, connected speech is not the preferred signal for objective measurement of voice, in part because it is more difficult to elicit and because it is intrinsically a less controlled measure. However, in the last years, innovative analyses techniques for connected speech such as cepstral peak prominence (an acoustic measure of voice quality correlated with dysphonia severity, which integrates several measures describing the aperiodicity and waveform of the acoustic voice signal) have facilitated and popularized measures on connected speech in voice clinics (Heman-Ackah et al 2003;Maryn et al 2010;Fraile and Godino-Llorente 2014;Watts et al 2015). The present finding adds to the growing literature suggesting that including connected speech measures to the standard clinical assessments could be useful in obtaining otherwise inaccessible data on voice.…”

Section: Connected Speechsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effects of age on the amplitude, frequency and perceived quality of voice

Lortie

Thibeault

Guitton

et al. 2015

AGE

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The manner and extent to which voice amplitude and frequency control mechanisms change with age is not well understood. The related question of whether the assessment of one's own voice evolves with age, concomitant with the acoustical changes that the voice undergoes, also remains unanswered. In the present study, we characterized the aging of voice production mechanisms (amplitude, frequency), compared the aging voice in different experimental contexts (vowel utterance, connected speech) and examined the relationship between voice self-assessment and age-related voice acoustical changes. Eighty healthy adults (20 to 75 years old) participated in the study, which involved computation of several acoustical measures of voice (including measures of fundamental frequency, voice amplitude, and stability) as well as self-assessments of voice. Because depression is frequent in older adults, depression and anxiety scores were also measured. As was expected, analyses revealed age effects on most acoustical measures. However, there was no interaction between age and the ability to produce high/low voice amplitude/frequency, suggesting that voice amplitude and frequency control mechanisms are preserved in aging. Multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that the relationship between age and voice self-assessment was moderated by depression and anxiety scores. Taken together, these results reveal that while voice production undergoes important changes throughout aging, the ability to increase/decrease the amplitude and frequency of voice are preserved, at least within the age range studied, and that depression and anxiety scores have a stronger impact on perceived voice quality than acoustical changes themselves.

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Section: Connected Speechsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effects of age on the amplitude, frequency and perceived quality of voice

Lortie

Thibeault

Guitton

et al. 2015

AGE

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“…Thus the spectral tilt of the ACC signal is hypothesized to have a statistically significant bias on the order of 8 dB/oct when compared to the spectral tilt of the MIC signal. Since the cepstral peak prominence (CPP) is an integrative measure of perturbation, harmonics-to-noise ratio [30], [31], [32], and waveshape differences, it is expected that CPP will moderately correlate between ACC and MIC domains. Glottal turbulence noise, if present in the MIC signal, is hypothesized to be significantly attenuated in the neck-surface ACC signal, thus decreasing the variance of CPP measures in the ACC domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Vocal Function Measures Derived from an Acoustic Microphone and a Subglottal Neck-Surface Accelerometer

Mehta

Stan

Hillman

2016

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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Monitoring subglottal neck-surface acceleration has received renewed attention due to the ability of low-profile accelerometers to confidentially and noninvasively track properties related to normal and disordered voice characteristics and behavior. This study investigated the ability of subglottal neck-surface acceleration to yield vocal function measures traditionally derived from the acoustic voice signal and help guide the development of clinically functional accelerometer-based measures from a physiological perspective. Results are reported for 82 adult speakers with voice disorders and 52 adult speakers with normal voices who produced the sustained vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/ at a comfortable pitch and loudness during the simultaneous recording of radiated acoustic pressure and subglottal neck-surface acceleration. As expected, timing-related measures of jitter exhibited the strongest correlation between acoustic and neck-surface acceleration waveforms (r ≤ 0.99), whereas amplitude-based measures of shimmer correlated less strongly (r ≤ 0.74). Additionally, weaker correlations were exhibited by spectral measures of harmonics-to-noise ratio (r ≤ 0.69) and tilt (r ≤ 0.57), whereas the cepstral peak prominence correlated more strongly (r ≤ 0.90). These empirical relationships provide evidence to support the use of accelerometers as effective complements to acoustic recordings in the assessment and monitoring of vocal function in the laboratory, clinic, and during an individual’s daily activities.

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“…A typical use may require comparison of CPP before and after laryngeal surgery or voice therapy, with a change in CPP being indicative of the treatment outcome. However, other factors also affect CPP measurements which may confound the effects of treatment, including signal characteristics like fundamental frequency (F0) as well as CPP estimation parameters like analysis window length and type [4, 5, 6]. The current work investigated the sensitivities of the cepstral peak (CP) and CPP to signal characteristics and software settings in a series of experiments using synthesized signals, which provided complete control over the signal characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cepstral Peak Sensitivity: A Theoretic Analysis and Comparison of Several Implementations

2015

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Summary Objective The aim of this study was to develop a theoretic analysis of the cepstral peak, to compare several cepstral peak software programs, and to propose methods for reducing variability in cepstral peak estimation. Study Design Descriptive, experimental study. Methods The theoretic cepstral peak value of a pulse train was derived and compared to estimates computed for pulse train WAV files using available cepstral peak software programs: 1) Hillenbrand’s cepstral peak prominence (CPP) software, 2) KayPENTAX Multi-Speech implementation of CPP, and 3) a MATLAB implementation using cepstral interpolation. Cepstral peak variation was also investigated for synthetic breathy vowels. Results For pulse trains with period T samples, the theoretic cepstral peak is 1/2+ε/T, |ε|<0.1 for all pulse trains (ε=0 for integer T). For fundamental frequencies between 70 and 230 Hz, cepstral peak mean ± st. dev. was 0.496±0.002 using cepstral interpolation and 0.29±0.03 using Hillenbrand’s software, whereas CPP was 35.0±3.8 dB using Hillenbrand’s software and 20.5±2.7 dB using KayPENTAX’s software. CP and CPP vs. signal-to-noise ratio for synthetic breathy vowels were fit to a logistic model for the Hillenbrand (R2 = 0.92) and KayPENTAX (R2 = 0.82) estimators as well as an ideal estimator (R2 = 0.98) which used a period-synchronous analysis. Conclusions The findings indicate that several variables unrelated to the signal itself impact cepstral peak values, with some factors introducing large variability in cepstral peak values that would otherwise be attributed to the signal (e.g., voice quality). Variability may be reduced by using a period-synchronous analysis with Hann windows.

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Cepstral peak prominence: A comprehensive analysis

Cited by 89 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of age on the amplitude, frequency and perceived quality of voice

Effects of age on the amplitude, frequency and perceived quality of voice

Relationships Between Vocal Function Measures Derived from an Acoustic Microphone and a Subglottal Neck-Surface Accelerometer

Cepstral Peak Sensitivity: A Theoretic Analysis and Comparison of Several Implementations

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