Cephaleuros virescens in Brazilian Mahogany: Algae Parasitic Disease Threatening an Important Reforestation Tree

Pereira, F. T. F.; Santos, Wanderson Silva dos; Guimarães, Gesiane Ribeiro; Duarte, Elizabeth Amélia Alves; Oliveira, Thiago Alves Santos de; Rodrigues, Fabrício Ávila; Carvalho, Daniel Diego Costa

doi:10.5296/jas.v8i1.16093

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, based on the result of morphological characteristics, the measurements of sporangium and sporangiophore of the algae species are 20. 6-41.32 × 20.6 and 237.62-464.85 ×15.5 respectively in this study and are found to be close to C. virescence identified by Pereira et al (2020) from Swietenia sp., Malagi et al (2011) from Ficus benghalensis and Han et al (2011) from Citrus sinensis. However, these measurements, are in contrary, different mainly in the length of sporangiophore, to Cephaleuros parasiticus, obtained by Ponmurugan et al (2010) (Chanthapatchot and Satjarak, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In this study, coefficients variation 42% for sporangiophore length and 30% for that of sporangia were observed. These results show that the sporangiophores length is more variable when compared with other structures measured (Pereira et al, 2020). Finally, it is worth noting that the homogeneity obtained in the measurement of micromorphological structures helps the characterization and standardization of C. virescens structure measurement (Carvalho et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Variability of measurements was obtained from C. virescens sporangiophores and sporangia. Pereira et al (2020) obtained coefficients variation of 31.28% for sporangiophore length and 22.06% for that of sporangia. In this study, coefficients variation 42% for sporangiophore length and 30% for that of sporangia were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, no study was done previously in Cameroon about this pathogen. Nevertheless, some author identified red rust disease due to C. virescens in different hosts in some countries (Afouda et al, 2013;Han et al, 2011;Khatoon et al, 2017;Majune et al, 2018;Malagi et al, 2011;Pereira et al, 2020;Ponmurugan et al, 2010;Vasconcelos et al, 2019;Wonni et al, 2017). The occurrence of algae spots is favoured by average monthly temperatures around 23 °C and average monthly rainfall of 127 mm (Malagi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red rust is one of the diseases caused due to C. virescens described in the literature (Malagi et al, 2011;Ponmurugan et al, 2009;Sunpapao, 2016). However, the pathogen is out of the ordinary (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa which are usually known as plant pathogens) because it is reported to be a parasitic alga which causes the disease to characterize by leaf spots on the upper surface of the leaves and fruits (Malagi et al, 2011;Pereira et al, 2020). Otherwise, these leaf spots cause a reduction in plant photosynthetic surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Report of Red Rust Disease caused by Cephaleuros virescens on Mango (Mangifera indica) Tree in Cameroon

Dooh

Heu²,

Bertrand

et al. 2020

Int. J. Phytopathol.

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In August 2020, a disease with symptoms identical to red rust caused by Cephaleuros virescens was found in orchards of mangoes besides orchards of Anacardium surveyed in Maroua and Garoua (Cameroon). The objective of this research was to study this disease with characterizing its causal organism using morphological methods. Mango leaves exhibiting clear symptoms of red rust with pathogen somatic and reproductive structures were used for morphological characterization and identification of the causal pathogen. Leaves were collected based on the symptoms, size and number of lesions associated. The survey results indicate that orange coloured, small circular lesions were found on the upper leaf surfaces and coalescing in midrib were observed. Circular lesions on the leaves were of varied diameter from 1 to 5 mm with an average of 1.6 (coefficient of variation 34%). Among symptomatic leaves showing lesions, 60% were exhibiting lesions smaller than 2 mm in diameter. The length and width of sporangiophores and sporangia were 237.62 - 4645.85 × 15.5 μm and 20.6 - 41.32 × 20.6 μm, respectively. Based on the symptoms observed and microscopic morphological studies, the recovered pathogen was identified as Cephaleuros virescens. This is the first report of algal leaf disease on M. indica in Cameroon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Report of Red Rust Disease caused by Cephaleuros virescens on Mango (Mangifera indica) Tree in Cameroon

Dooh

Heu²,

Bertrand

et al. 2020

Int. J. Phytopathol.

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Red rust disease occurring in some fruits species in Cameroon

et al. 2022

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The knowledge of the red rust disease remains limited in Cameroon, with a view to developing a control method. This work consisted in studying red rust on some fruit species such as Annona muricata (soursop), Dacryodes edulis (safou), Psidium guajava (guava) and Theobroma cacao (cocoa). Diseased leaves were collected in the field in the Maham site, in west region of Cameroon.The symptomatology of disease (colour, number and diameter of lesions) was studied. Coefficient of variation ( %) was calculated. The incidence and severity of the disease was assessed in the different orchards surveyed. The measurement of the different structures of the thallus (length, width of sporangia and sporangiophores) was carried out using a microscope with a micrometer. The disease is characterized by circular orange to orange-brown spots on the upper surfaces and rarely on the lower surface. Number of lesions, varied from 245–510 respectively with D. edulis and T cacao. Lesion diameters varied from 0.1−1 cm, 0.1−7 cm, 0.1−1.5 cm in safou (African pear), guava and soursop respectively. The length and width of sporangiophores varied from 280.5−714×10.2−25.5 µm for A. muricata, 408−612×15.3−25.5 µm for Dacryodes edulis, 433.3−663×15.3−20.4 µm for P. guajava and 484.5−612×20.4−35.7 µm for T. cacao. The number of sporangiophores varied from 1 to 11 at the maximum threshold. But, number of sporangia was the same in the four species, 1−9. The pathogenicity test was negative. The data measurements show that the specie observed is Cephaleurus virescens which is a parasitic alga. The data obtained are a basis for the development of an integrated control strategy against this emerging disease

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Incidence, Epidemiology and Management of Cephaleuros virescens Causing Red Rust of Litchi under Sub Tropical Zone of Himachal Pradesh

Garima,

Jarial,

Jarial

et al. 2024

IJBSM

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The present investigation was carried out during year 2020–2021 at the laboratory of Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri (Hamirpur) Himachal Pradesh, India to study the disease incidence, severity and management of red rust of litchi incited by Cephaleuros virescens under in vitro conditions. The survey was conducted in major litchi growing areas which revealed that the disease was prevalent in mild to severe form at various locations in five districts (Hamirpur, Una, Kangra, Chamba and Mandi) surveyed in Himachal Pradesh. Disease incidence was found to be ranging from 0 to 35.47% with maximum at Nagrota Bagwan in Kangra district and disease severity ranged from 0 to 47.79%. Epidemiological studies reveal that C. virescens can be incubated at all the temperatures tested (20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C) and at all the tested RH levels (80.5, 85.7, 89.9, 95.6 and 100%). However, temperature 32°C and RH 100% was found to be optimum for symptom development of disease under artificial inoculation conditions.. Among the fungicides tested (copper oxychloride, captan, mancozeb, potassium phosphite, potassium phosphate, Cabrio top®, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, hexaconazole and propiconazole) at different concentrations, all treatments were significantly superior over control in managing C. virescens. However, captan, mancozeb, Cabriotop, hexaconazole and propiconazole resulted in cent per cent inhibition of C. virescens.

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Cephaleuros virescens in Brazilian Mahogany: Algae Parasitic Disease Threatening an Important Reforestation Tree

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

First Report of Red Rust Disease caused by Cephaleuros virescens on Mango (Mangifera indica) Tree in Cameroon

First Report of Red Rust Disease caused by Cephaleuros virescens on Mango (Mangifera indica) Tree in Cameroon

Red rust disease occurring in some fruits species in Cameroon

Incidence, Epidemiology and Management of Cephaleuros virescens Causing Red Rust of Litchi under Sub Tropical Zone of Himachal Pradesh

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