Centralized red muscle in
            <i>Odontaspis ferox</i>
            and the prevalence of regional endothermy in sharks

Dolton, Haley R.; Snelling, Edward P.; Deaville, Robert; Jackson, Andrew L.; Perkins, Matthew W.; Bortoluzzi, Jenny R.; Purves, Kevin; Curnick, David J.; Pimiento, Catalina; Payne, Nicholas L.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2023.0331

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…We also evaluated the degree to which 7 of the 8 regionally endothermic sharks had greater average gill slit heights and greater CFARs. We included the following seven lamniform sharks: common thresher shark ( Alopias vulpinus ) [ 24 ], smalltooth sandtiger ( Odontaspis ferox ) [ 25 ], both shortfin and longfin mako ( Isurus spp. ), porbeagle ( Lamna nasus ) and salmon shark ( Lamna ditropis ) as well as the white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias ) [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological lifestyle and gill slit height across sharks

VanderWright,

Bigman,

Iliou

et al. 2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Metabolic morphology—the morphological features related to metabolic rate—offers broad comparative insights into the physiological performance and ecological function of species. However, some metabolic morphological traits, such as gill surface area, require costly and lethal sampling. Measurements of gill slit height from anatomically accurate drawings, such as those in field guides, offer the opportunity to understand physiological and ecological function without the need for lethal sampling. Here, we examine the relationship between gill slit height and each of the three traits that comprise ecological lifestyle: activity, maximum body size, and depth across nearly all sharks ( n = 455). We find that gill slit heights are positively related to activity (measured by the aspect ratio of the caudal fin) and maximum size but negatively related to depth. Overall, gill slit height is best explained by the suite of ecological lifestyle traits rather than any single trait. These results suggest that more active, larger and shallower species (and endothermic species) have higher metabolic throughput as indexed by gill slit height (oxygen uptake) and ecological lifestyle (oxygen expenditure). We show that meaningful ecophysiological relationships can be revealed through measurable metabolic morphological traits from anatomically accurate drawings, which offers the opportunity to estimate class-wide traits for analyses of life history theory and the relationship between biodiversity and ecological function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological lifestyle and gill slit height across sharks

VanderWright,

Bigman,

Iliou

et al. 2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals

Gayford,

Engelman,

Sternes

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Body size is of fundamental importance to our understanding of extinct organisms. Physiology, ecology and life history are all strongly influenced by body size and shape, which ultimately determine how a species interacts with its environment. Reconstruction of body size and form in extinct animals provides insight into the dynamics underlying community composition and faunal turnover in past ecosystems and broad macroevolutionary trends. Many extinct animals are known only from incomplete remains, necessitating the use of anatomical proxies to reconstruct body size and form. Numerous limitations affecting the appropriateness of these proxies are often overlooked, leading to controversy and downstream inaccuracies in studies for which reconstructions represent key input data. In this perspective, we discuss four prominent case studies (Dunkleosteus, Helicoprion, Megalodon and Perucetus) in which proxy taxa have been used to estimate body size and shape from fragmentary remains. We synthesise the results of these and other studies to discuss nuances affecting the validity of taxon selection when reconstructing extinct organisms, as well as mitigation measures that can ensure the selection of the most appropriate proxy. We argue that these precautionary measures are necessary to maximise the robustness of reconstructions in extinct taxa for better evolutionary and ecological inferences.

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Centralized red muscle in Odontaspis ferox and the prevalence of regional endothermy in sharks

Dolton,

Snelling,

Deaville

et al. 2023

Biol. Lett.

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The order Lamniformes contains charismatic species such as the white shark Carcharodon carcharias and extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon , and is of particular interest given their influence on marine ecosystems, and because some members exhibit regional endothermy. However, there remains significant debate surrounding the prevalence and evolutionary origin of regional endothermy in the order, and therefore the development of phenomena such as gigantism and filter-feeding in sharks generally. Here we show a basal lamniform shark, the smalltooth sand tiger shark Odontaspis ferox , has centralized skeletal red muscle and a thick compact-walled ventricle; anatomical features generally consistent with regionally endothermy. This result, together with the recent discovery of probable red muscle endothermy in filter feeding basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus , suggests that this thermophysiology is more prevalent in the Lamniformes than previously thought, which in turn has implications for understanding the evolution of regional endothermy, gigantism, and extinction risk of warm-bodied shark species both past and present.

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Centralized red muscle in Odontaspis ferox and the prevalence of regional endothermy in sharks

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Ecological lifestyle and gill slit height across sharks

Ecological lifestyle and gill slit height across sharks

Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals

Centralized red muscle in Odontaspis ferox and the prevalence of regional endothermy in sharks

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