Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Complicating Spontaneous Carotid-Cavernous Fistula

Development of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistula (With 1 color plate)

“…Pollock and Miller [14] described a case with dural carotid-cavernous fistula, in which central retinal vein occlusion occurred al though other ocular symptons had improved, and emphasized the increase in the intraocular pressure, which resulted in low pressure and low flow of the retinal circulation, as an impor tant factor inducing central retinal vein occlu sion. The intraocular pressure in the present case has, however, been well controlled by an instillation of 6-blocker alone although sec ondary glaucoma was observed during the fol low-up period.…”

Development of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistula (With 1 color plate)

“…Pollock and Miller [14] described a case with dural carotid-cavernous fistula, in which central retinal vein occlusion occurred al though other ocular symptons had improved, and emphasized the increase in the intraocular pressure, which resulted in low pressure and low flow of the retinal circulation, as an impor tant factor inducing central retinal vein occlu sion. The intraocular pressure in the present case has, however, been well controlled by an instillation of 6-blocker alone although sec ondary glaucoma was observed during the fol low-up period.…”

Visual impairment in high flow and low flow carotid cavernous fistula

“…We found 15 (31.2%) and 5 (10.4%) patients had intra-retinal and pre-retinal hemorrhage, respectively. CRVO has been well reported with CCF patients and represents the most severe manifestation of stasis retinopathy 25,26 . Visual impairment in CRVO is due to ischemic maculopathy, macular edema and epiretinal membrane.…”

Cystoid Macular Edema With Scattered Intraretinal Hemorrhages in a Persistently Red Eye

“…Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas can also present with decreased vision owing to CME and IRHs. Venous stasis retinopathy is more frequently associated with indirect CCFs and may not manifest until the venous system posterior to the cavernous sinus becomes obstructed and arterial blood flow is redirected anteriorly to the orbit, resulting in chemosis, proptosis, IRHs, CME, retinal ischemia, optic neuropathy, and/or secondary glaucoma from elevated episcleral venous pressure . When IRHs are observed, fluorescein angiography may help to determine the state of retinal perfusion and, thus, visual prognosis.…”

Development of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistula (With 1 color plate)

“…Pollock and Miller [14] described a case with dural carotid-cavernous fistula, in which central retinal vein occlusion occurred al though other ocular symptons had improved, and emphasized the increase in the intraocular pressure, which resulted in low pressure and low flow of the retinal circulation, as an impor tant factor inducing central retinal vein occlu sion. The intraocular pressure in the present case has, however, been well controlled by an instillation of 6-blocker alone although sec ondary glaucoma was observed during the fol low-up period.…”

Visual impairment in high flow and low flow carotid cavernous fistula

“…We found 15 (31.2%) and 5 (10.4%) patients had intra-retinal and pre-retinal hemorrhage, respectively. CRVO has been well reported with CCF patients and represents the most severe manifestation of stasis retinopathy 25,26 . Visual impairment in CRVO is due to ischemic maculopathy, macular edema and epiretinal membrane.…”

Cystoid Macular Edema With Scattered Intraretinal Hemorrhages in a Persistently Red Eye

“…Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas can also present with decreased vision owing to CME and IRHs. Venous stasis retinopathy is more frequently associated with indirect CCFs and may not manifest until the venous system posterior to the cavernous sinus becomes obstructed and arterial blood flow is redirected anteriorly to the orbit, resulting in chemosis, proptosis, IRHs, CME, retinal ischemia, optic neuropathy, and/or secondary glaucoma from elevated episcleral venous pressure . When IRHs are observed, fluorescein angiography may help to determine the state of retinal perfusion and, thus, visual prognosis.…”

Development of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistula (With 1 color plate)

“…Pollock and Miller [14] described a case with dural carotid-cavernous fistula, in which central retinal vein occlusion occurred al though other ocular symptons had improved, and emphasized the increase in the intraocular pressure, which resulted in low pressure and low flow of the retinal circulation, as an impor tant factor inducing central retinal vein occlu sion. The intraocular pressure in the present case has, however, been well controlled by an instillation of 6-blocker alone although sec ondary glaucoma was observed during the fol low-up period.…”

Visual impairment in high flow and low flow carotid cavernous fistula

“…We found 15 (31.2%) and 5 (10.4%) patients had intra-retinal and pre-retinal hemorrhage, respectively. CRVO has been well reported with CCF patients and represents the most severe manifestation of stasis retinopathy 25,26 . Visual impairment in CRVO is due to ischemic maculopathy, macular edema and epiretinal membrane.…”

Cystoid Macular Edema With Scattered Intraretinal Hemorrhages in a Persistently Red Eye

“…Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas can also present with decreased vision owing to CME and IRHs. Venous stasis retinopathy is more frequently associated with indirect CCFs and may not manifest until the venous system posterior to the cavernous sinus becomes obstructed and arterial blood flow is redirected anteriorly to the orbit, resulting in chemosis, proptosis, IRHs, CME, retinal ischemia, optic neuropathy, and/or secondary glaucoma from elevated episcleral venous pressure . When IRHs are observed, fluorescein angiography may help to determine the state of retinal perfusion and, thus, visual prognosis.…”