Central regulation and coordination of the activity of cardio-renal system and pneumostoma in the suboesophageal ganglia of Helix pomatia L.

Neuronal background of activation of estivated snails, with special attention to the monoaminergic system: a biochemical, physiological, and neuroanatomical study

“…Glass microelectrodes (tip resistances: 12-14 MΩ) filled with 4 M potassium acetate/0.3 M potassium chloride were used to record the intracellular activity of the identified RPas neurons. The RPas neurons belonging to the group of heart-regulatory cells (S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981) were identified visually by their location, size, and color (Vehovszky et al 1989a). Electrophysiological recordings were examined and stored on a PC by using DasyLab (version 5) software running on a PC through a National Instruments PC-6035E interface card.…”

“…The effect of osmotic stimulation on the monoaminergic system has also been studied by using neuroanatomical techniques. We have applied retrograde neurobiotin tracing, via peripheral nerves that innervate the tail and the mantle collar (Bullock and Horridge 1965;S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981), in order to label the receptor cells and their axons that project to the CNS and presumably excite central neurons. We have also applied retrograde cobalt-lysine tracing from the anterior aorta nerve into the CNS.…”

Neuronal background of activation of estivated snails, with special attention to the monoaminergic system: a biochemical, physiological, and neuroanatomical study

“…Glass microelectrodes (tip resistances: 12-14 MΩ) filled with 4 M potassium acetate/0.3 M potassium chloride were used to record the intracellular activity of the identified RPas neurons. The RPas neurons belonging to the group of heart-regulatory cells (S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981) were identified visually by their location, size, and color (Vehovszky et al 1989a). Electrophysiological recordings were examined and stored on a PC by using DasyLab (version 5) software running on a PC through a National Instruments PC-6035E interface card.…”

“…The effect of osmotic stimulation on the monoaminergic system has also been studied by using neuroanatomical techniques. We have applied retrograde neurobiotin tracing, via peripheral nerves that innervate the tail and the mantle collar (Bullock and Horridge 1965;S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981), in order to label the receptor cells and their axons that project to the CNS and presumably excite central neurons. We have also applied retrograde cobalt-lysine tracing from the anterior aorta nerve into the CNS.…”

The neuronal control of cardiac functions in Molluscs

“…2). The myocardial, pericardial, and the whole heart functions in diverse Mollusca are widely studied (Kobayashi and Irisawa, 1961; S.-Rozsa and Zhuravlev, 1981; Buckett et al, 1990a; Weatherill and Chase, 2005; Bini et al, 2006a; Malyshev et al, 2008). Similar to vertebrates, each cardiac compartment is constituted of myocytes that contract simultaneously, thereby resulting in functional hemolymph pumping heart-beats.…”

Neuronal background of activation of estivated snails, with special attention to the monoaminergic system: a biochemical, physiological, and neuroanatomical study

“…Glass microelectrodes (tip resistances: 12-14 MΩ) filled with 4 M potassium acetate/0.3 M potassium chloride were used to record the intracellular activity of the identified RPas neurons. The RPas neurons belonging to the group of heart-regulatory cells (S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981) were identified visually by their location, size, and color (Vehovszky et al 1989a). Electrophysiological recordings were examined and stored on a PC by using DasyLab (version 5) software running on a PC through a National Instruments PC-6035E interface card.…”

“…The effect of osmotic stimulation on the monoaminergic system has also been studied by using neuroanatomical techniques. We have applied retrograde neurobiotin tracing, via peripheral nerves that innervate the tail and the mantle collar (Bullock and Horridge 1965;S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981), in order to label the receptor cells and their axons that project to the CNS and presumably excite central neurons. We have also applied retrograde cobalt-lysine tracing from the anterior aorta nerve into the CNS.…”

The neuronal control of cardiac functions in Molluscs

“…2). The myocardial, pericardial, and the whole heart functions in diverse Mollusca are widely studied (Kobayashi and Irisawa, 1961; S.-Rozsa and Zhuravlev, 1981; Buckett et al, 1990a; Weatherill and Chase, 2005; Bini et al, 2006a; Malyshev et al, 2008). Similar to vertebrates, each cardiac compartment is constituted of myocytes that contract simultaneously, thereby resulting in functional hemolymph pumping heart-beats.…”

Neuronal background of activation of estivated snails, with special attention to the monoaminergic system: a biochemical, physiological, and neuroanatomical study

“…Glass microelectrodes (tip resistances: 12-14 MΩ) filled with 4 M potassium acetate/0.3 M potassium chloride were used to record the intracellular activity of the identified RPas neurons. The RPas neurons belonging to the group of heart-regulatory cells (S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981) were identified visually by their location, size, and color (Vehovszky et al 1989a). Electrophysiological recordings were examined and stored on a PC by using DasyLab (version 5) software running on a PC through a National Instruments PC-6035E interface card.…”

“…The effect of osmotic stimulation on the monoaminergic system has also been studied by using neuroanatomical techniques. We have applied retrograde neurobiotin tracing, via peripheral nerves that innervate the tail and the mantle collar (Bullock and Horridge 1965;S-Rózsa and Zhuravlev 1981), in order to label the receptor cells and their axons that project to the CNS and presumably excite central neurons. We have also applied retrograde cobalt-lysine tracing from the anterior aorta nerve into the CNS.…”

The neuronal control of cardiac functions in Molluscs

“…2). The myocardial, pericardial, and the whole heart functions in diverse Mollusca are widely studied (Kobayashi and Irisawa, 1961; S.-Rozsa and Zhuravlev, 1981; Buckett et al, 1990a; Weatherill and Chase, 2005; Bini et al, 2006a; Malyshev et al, 2008). Similar to vertebrates, each cardiac compartment is constituted of myocytes that contract simultaneously, thereby resulting in functional hemolymph pumping heart-beats.…”