Centhaquin Effects in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

Papalexopoulou, Konstantina; Chalkias, Athanasios; Pliatsika, Paraskevi; Papalois, Αpostolos; Papapanagiotou, Panagiotis; Παπαδόπουλος, Γεώργιος; Αrnaoutoglou, Eleni; Petrou, Anastasios; Gulati, Anil; Xanthos, Theodoros

doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2016.11.008

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Of note, new pharmacological agents have shown promising results and may allow the optimization of Pmsf, venous return, and tissue perfusion in hemorrhagic shock and cardiac arrest. Centhaquin, a novel agent under clinical development, was recently evaluated in a Phase II trial and proved highly effective in the resuscitation of hypovolemic shock by increasing MAP and decreasing the volume of administered fluids while maintaining tissue perfusion [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of mean systemic filling pressure after severe hemorrhagic shock in swine anesthetized with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia: implications for vasopressor-free resuscitation

et al. 2020

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Background:Mean systemic filling pressure (Pmsf) is a quantitative measurement of a patient's volume status and represents the tone of the venous reservoir. The aim of this study was to estimate Pmsf after severe hemorrhagic shock and cardiac arrest in swine anesthetized with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia, as well as to evaluate Pmsf's association with vasopressor-free resuscitation. Methods: Ten healthy Landrace/Large-White piglets aged 10-12 weeks with average weight 20 ± 1 kg were used in this study. The protocol was divided into four distinct phases: stabilization, hemorrhagic, cardiac arrest, and resuscitation phases. We measured Pmsf at 5-7.5 seconds after the onset of cardiac arrest and then every 10 seconds until 1 minute postcardiac arrest. During resuscitation, lactated Ringers was infused at a rate that aimed for a mean right atrial pressure of ≤ 4 mm Hg. No vasopressors were used. Results: The mean volume of blood removed was 860 ± 20 ml (blood loss, ~61%) and the bleeding time was 43.2 ± 2 minutes while all animals developed pulseless electrical activity. Mean Pmsf was 4.09 ± 1.22 mm Hg, and no significant differences in Pmsf were found until 1 minute postcardiac arrest (4.20±0.22 mm Hg at 5-7.5 seconds and 3.72±0.23 mm Hg at 55-57.5 seconds; P=0.102). All animals achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), with mean time to ROSC being 6.1 ±1.7 minutes and mean administered volume being 394 ±20 ml. Conclusions: For the first time, Pmsf was estimated after severe hemorrhagic shock. In this study, Pmsf remained stable during the first minute post-arrest. All animals achieved ROSC with goal-directed fluid resuscitation and no vasopressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of mean systemic filling pressure after severe hemorrhagic shock in swine anesthetized with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia: implications for vasopressor-free resuscitation

et al. 2020

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“…All animals were examined by a veterinarian on the day of the experimentation and were found healthy. Animals were premedicated with intramuscular injections of 10 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Imalgène, Merial Laboratorios SA, Lyon, France), 0.5 mg/kg midazolam (Dormicum, Roche, Athens, Greece), and 0.01 mg/kg atropine sulphate (Atropine sulphate, Demo, Athens, Greece), as previously described [ 15 ]. The animals were subsequently transported to the operation research facility and intravascular access through the auricular veins was obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets

et al. 2022

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Background: The term “bacterial translocation” (BT) refers to the migration of bacteria or their products from the gastrointestinal tract to tissues located outside it, and may occur after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The term “endotoxin” is synonymous, and is used interchangeably with the term lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS, a component of Gram-negative gut bacteria, is a potent microbial virulence factor, that can trigger production of pro-inflammatory mediators, causing localized and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate if neonatal asphyxia provokes BT and an increased concentration of LPS in an animal model of asphyxia in piglets. Methods: Twenty-one (21) newborn male Landrace/Large White piglets, 1–4 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups, Control (A), Asphyxia (B) and Asphyxia-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (C). All animals were instrumented, anesthetized and underwent hemodynamic monitoring. In Group A, the animals were euthanized. In Group B, the endotracheal tube was occluded to cause asphyxia leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. In Group C, the animals were resuscitated after asphyxia and further monitored for 30′. Bacterial translocation was assessed by the measurement of endotoxin in blood from the portal vein and the aorta, and also by the measurement of endotoxin in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) at euthanasia. The results are given as median (IQR) with LPS concentration in EU/mL. Results: BT was observed in all groups with minimum LPS concentration in the MLN and maximum concentration in the portal vein. LPS levels in the MLNs were higher in the Group B: 6.38 EU/mL (2.69–9.34) compared to the other groups (Group A: 2.1 EU/mL (1.08–2.52), Group C: 1.66 EU/mL (1.51–2.48), p = 0.012). The aorta to MLNs LPS difference (%) was lower in Group B: 0.13% (0.04–1.17), compared to Group A: 5.08% (2.2–10.7), and Group C: 3.42% (1.5–5.1)) (p = 0.042). The same was detected for portal to MLNs LPS difference (%) which was lower in Group B: 0.94% (0.5–3) compared to Group A: 4.9% (4–15), and Group C: 3.85% (1.5–5.1)) (p = 0.044). Conclusions: Neonatal asphyxia can provoke ΒΤ and increased LPS concentration in blood and tissue located outside the gastrointestinal system.

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“…Electrical induction via two subcutaneous needles 50 ± 0 53.3 ± 6.0 46.9 ± 14.9 *One study was not included as it has 1,003 mA and 603 Hz which may be due to publication error [14] . Ten studies uses 9-V battery for electrical induction [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . SD: standard deviation.…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of swine models for ventricular fibrillation induction in evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods

Low,

Azahar,

Samson

et al. 2024

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Background and purpose: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been studied using a variety of swine models, historically balloon occlusion of the coronary artery and asphyxiation, and more recently, percutaneous electrical induction. These methods differ in face and construct validity, as well as requirement for expertise, cost, and duration. This study aimed to provide a systematic review these methods and their selection in research. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The Utstein-Style Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Laboratory cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) research were used to identify the extracted variables by two independent investigators. Discrepancy was resolved by discussion with the third investigator. Results: We included 236 studies published from 1990 to 2024. The most commonly used method was electrical induction using a pacing wire cannulated through the external jugular vein into the right ventricle (n = 112), followed by transthoracic electrical induction (n = 28), asphyxiation (n = 20), electrical induction via two subcutaneous needles (n = 15), and balloon occlusion (n = 10). The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the untreated VF duration were 6.9 and 5.0 minutes, respectively. Female and male pigs were used exclusively in 52 and 45 studies, respectively; both sexes were used in 31 studies; 106 studies not reporting the sex. The mean weight of the pigs was 30.2 ± 12.4 kg in 209 studies, and the number of pigs used in the studies ranged from 2 to 271 with a median of 20 (interquartile range: 15–30) pigs in 223 studies. The four most commonly used drugs for anesthesia/preparation were ketamine (n = 145), propofol (n = 76), isoflurane (n = 68), and pentobarbital (n = 61), either alone or in combination. Higher current and voltage were used for less invasive methods. Conclusions: The two most common electric method to induce VF were invasive pacing at the right ventricle and non-invasive transthoracic electrical induction. Asphyxiation was the most common ischemic VF induction. The choice of the VF induction method depends on cost, expertise, feasibility, and the nature of the CPR intervention to be tested.

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Centhaquin Effects in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Measurement of mean systemic filling pressure after severe hemorrhagic shock in swine anesthetized with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia: implications for vasopressor-free resuscitation

Measurement of mean systemic filling pressure after severe hemorrhagic shock in swine anesthetized with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia: implications for vasopressor-free resuscitation

Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets

Systematic review of swine models for ventricular fibrillation induction in evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods

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