Centennial-scale dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds across the Drake Passage over the past two millennia

Xia, Zhengyu; Yu, Zicheng; Loisel, Julie

doi:10.1130/g40187.1

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Links between SHW, temperature, and rainfall. Links between SHW, temperature and rainfall are well established in recent regional meterological 23,48,49 and paleoclimate records 32,33,[50][51][52] . While not universal (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales

Perren

Hodgson

et al. 2020

Commun Earth Environ

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Recent changes in the strength and location of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHW) have been linked to continental droughts and wildfires, changes in the Southern Ocean carbon sink, sea ice extent, ocean circulation, and ice shelf stability. Despite their critical role, our ability to predict their impacts under future climates is limited by a lack of data on SHW behaviour over centennial timescales. Here, we present a 700-year record of changes in SHW intensity from sub-Antarctic Marion Island using diatom and geochemical proxies and compare it with paleoclimate records and recent instrumental data. During cool periods, such as the Little Ice Age (c. 1400–1870 CE), the winds weakened and shifted towards the equator, and during warm periods they intensified and migrated poleward. These results imply that changes in the latitudinal temperature gradient drive century-scale SHW migrations, and that intensification of impacts can be anticipated in the coming century.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales

Perren

Hodgson

et al. 2020

Commun Earth Environ

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“…6) that is not observed farther north in the rest of Patagonia. Independent paleoclimate proxies provide evidence for enhanced westerly flow and Pacific-derived moisture over Tierra del Fuego from ∼1000 to ∼700 yr ago (Xia et al, 2018;Fig. 5), as well as wetter conditions in eastern Tierra del Fuego (Björck et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Last Millennium and Dendroglaciologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the tidewater Marinelli and Pia glacier (Kuylenstierna et al, 1996;Strelin et al, 2008;Hall et al, 2019;Meier et al, 2019;Menounos et al, 2020), along with a reconstruction of moisture provenance in Tierra del Fuego using sphagnum cellulose δ 18 O (Xia et al, 2018), a precipitation reconstruction farther east from Isla del Estado (54.8°S, 64.4°W; Björck et al, 2012), and a southern Patagonian record of nonarboreal pollen slightly farther north at ∼50°S, a proposed proxy for varying Holocene Southern Annular Mode (SAM)-like conditions (Moreno et al, 2018). Periods of inferred westerly intensification over Tierra del Fuego, per Xia et al (2018), are indicated by vertical pink shading. 10 Be ages are also plotted, including inferred outliers.…”

Section: Late Holocene Glacier Maximummentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene glacier history of northeastern Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America (55°S)

et al. 2021

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In the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America, we used 10Be and 14C dating, dendrochronology, and historical observations to reconstruct the glacial history of the Dalla Vedova valley from deglacial time to the present. After deglacial recession into northeastern Darwin and Dalla Vedova, by ~16 ka, evidence indicates a glacial advance at ~13 ka coeval with the Antarctic Cold Reversal. The next robustly dated glacial expansion occurred at 870 ± 60 calendar yr ago (approximately AD 1150), followed by less-extensive dendrochronologically constrained advances from shortly before AD 1836 to the mid-twentieth century. Our record is consistent with most studies within the Cordillera Darwin that show that the Holocene glacial maximum occurred during the last millennium. This pattern contrasts with the extensive early- and mid-Holocene glacier expansions farther north in Patagonia; furthermore, an advance at 870 ± 60 yr ago may suggest out-of-phase glacial advances occurred within the Cordillera Darwin relative to Patagonia. We speculate that a southward shift of westerlies and associated climate regimes toward the southernmost tip of the continent, about 900–800 yr ago, provides a mechanism by which some glaciers advanced in the Cordillera Darwin during what is generally considered a warm and dry period to the north in Patagonia.

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“…In addition, wind proxy records from sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island 50 (Fig. 3g) and southernmost Patagonia 51 suggest a significant poleward displacement and likely intensification of westerlies ~A.D. 1700, when glacial discharge at site PS67/182-1 increases beyond the long-term mean (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced glacial discharge from the eastern Antarctic Peninsula since the 1700s associated with a positive Southern Annular Mode

Dickens

Kuhn

Leng

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet is currently experiencing sustained and accelerating loss of ice. Determining when these changes were initiated and identifying the main drivers is hampered by the short instrumental record (1992 to present). Here we present a 6,250 year record of glacial discharge based on the oxygen isotope composition of diatoms (δ18Odiatom) from a marine core located at the north-eastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. We find that glacial discharge - sourced primarily from ice shelf and iceberg melting along the eastern Antarctic Peninsula – remained largely stable between ~6,250 to 1,620 cal. yr BP, with a slight increase in variability until ~720 cal. yr. BP. An increasing trend in glacial discharge occurs after 550 cal. yr BP (A.D. 1400), reaching levels unprecedented during the past 6,250 years after 244 cal. yr BP (A.D. 1706). A marked acceleration in the rate of glacial discharge is also observed in the early part of twentieth century (after A.D. 1912). Enhanced glacial discharge, particularly after the 1700s is linked to a positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM). We argue that a positive SAM drove stronger westerly winds, atmospheric warming and surface ablation on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula whilst simultaneously entraining more warm water into the Weddell Gyre, potentially increasing melting on the undersides of ice shelves. A possible implication of our data is that ice shelves in this region have been thinning for at least ~300 years, potentially predisposing them to collapse under intensified anthropogenic warming.

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Centennial-scale dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds across the Drake Passage over the past two millennia

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales

Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales

Holocene glacier history of northeastern Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America (55°S)

Enhanced glacial discharge from the eastern Antarctic Peninsula since the 1700s associated with a positive Southern Annular Mode

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