Cellulose nanofiber–titania nanocomposites as potential drug delivery systems for dermal applications

Abstract

Nanocomposites with potential for dermal drug delivery have been developed using nanotitania chemically grafted onto nanocellulose as an active ingredient for enhanced uptake and controlled release of model drug loads.

Antibacterial and photochemical properties of cellulose nanofiber–titania nanocomposites loaded with two different types of antibiotic medicines

“…Possible explanation for this observation can be attributed to the poor solubility of TC and as a result, its limited diffusion in MH agar. These results were in good agreement with release kinetics of ATP studies 17 and clearly demonstrated that the usage of titania provides much slower release of Phos. 33 In contrast, the too slow release of Phos from nanocomposites with titania (CNF_TiO 2 _Phos_M2) did not permit the drug to achieve a concentration high enough to inhibit bacteria growth, rendering the related nanocomposite formulations inactive.…”

“…No new absorption peaks after Phos modification were observed for CNF_TiO 2 _Phos_M2 17 (see also Fig. The spectrum revealed a well-defined maximum at 310 nm -a distinct shift to shorter wavelengths compared to the derivatives of carboxylic acids (375 nm for the surface complex with Diclophenac and 474 nm for that with the D Penicillamine), 17 indicating relatively stronger bonding to the phosphonate ligand. For this reason, we confirmed the formation of a chelating complex between titania and drug molecules by UV-Vis spectroscopy (please, see Fig.…”

“…17 Briefly, for obtaining cellulose nanofibers we have developed a method using a copper ammonium complex for converting raw cotton into a molecular solution with subsequent regeneration of cellulose by acid hydrolysis. The detailed synthesis procedure of cellulose nanofibers-titania nanocomposites has been recently described by us elsewhere.…”

“…23 TC is supposedly binding to the titania surface through the formation of phenoxide complexes, which are also considered as quite stable. As in our previous investigation, 17 method #2 was chosen for Phos, which otherwise (produced via M#1) prevents titania from binding to nanocellulose. 25 TC was selected also, on the other hand, because of its broad application as antibiotic in the treatment of skin bacterial infections, arising from its antimicrobial activity against numerous medically relevant aerobic and anaerobic bacterial genera, both Grampositive and Gram-negative.…”

“…16 In a recent study, wound dressing based on bacterial nanocellulose loaded with the antiseptic octenidine was developed as drug a delivery system for the treatment of acute and chronically infected wounds. 17 The aim of the present work was to bring insight into how the chemical binding of the two chemically different drugs, tetracycline (TC) and phosphomycin (Phos), to the carrier is influencing the antimicrobial efficacy of nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofibers and grafted titania. 17 The aim of the present work was to bring insight into how the chemical binding of the two chemically different drugs, tetracycline (TC) and phosphomycin (Phos), to the carrier is influencing the antimicrobial efficacy of nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofibers and grafted titania.…”