Cellulase−Hemicellulase Activities and Bacterial Community Composition of Different Soils from Algerian Ecosystems

Abstract

Soil microorganisms are important mediators of carbon cycling in nature. Although cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading bacteria have been isolated from Algerian ecosystems, the information on the composition of soil bacterial communities and thus the potential of their members to decompose plant residues is still limited. The objective of the present study was to describe and compare the bacterial community composition in Algerian soils (crop, forest, garden, and desert) and the activity of cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. Bacterial communities were characterized by high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing followed by the in silico prediction of their functional potential. The highest lignocellulolytic activity was recorded in forest and garden soils whereas activities in the agricultural and desert soils were typically low. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (in particular classes α-proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and γ-proteobacteria), Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria dominated in all soils. Forest and garden soils exhibited higher diversity than agricultural and desert soils. Endocellulase activity was elevated in forest and garden soils. In silico analysis predicted higher share of genes assigned to general metabolism in forest and garden soils compared with agricultural and arid soils, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism. The highest potential of lignocellulose decomposition was predicted for forest soils, which is in agreement with the highest activity of corresponding enzymes.

Drivers on The Halophytes' Rhizosphere Bacteria Community and Functions in North China Salinized Areas

“…This nding is consistent with that of Cheng et al (2018) and who found that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism are the main metabolic functions by PICRUSt predictions [37][38] . These results suggested that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism are main bacterial functions in soil, not only in halophyte vegetation soil but also in other soil types [39][40][41] . Chaudhary et al (2018) indicated that the microbial functional gene abundance was affected by different halophyte vegetation types 42 .…”

Increase of Silica Recovery by Lignocellulose-degrading Enzyme Complex from Cow Rumen Fluid in a Reactive Extraction of Oryza sativa L. Husk

“…This results also implied that the rumen fluid had specialized enzymes secreted by the indigenous microorganisms for lignocellulose degradation, the presence of this microbial community have been detected through several modern molecular techniques [29]. Several investigations in the potential microorganism of rumen fluid were carried out, a significant reduction in content was achieved on cellulose in 72 h treatment as much as 23%, and it was found that the dominated microorganism was Firmicutes, and this particular group of bacteria are the potential cellulase producer [30], [31]. Another investigation also showed that the particular microorganism has the ability to degrade lignin due to extracellular peroxidase [32].…”

“…3Bio Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management 2(2): [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Ilhamy et al…”

“…The solubility from all conditions were still far from the total content of silica in the husk at 17%. Whereas for the husk char, the highest yield percentages of silica were 3.0, 1.75, and 0.5% 3Bio Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management 2(2): [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Ilhamy et al for hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and distilled water, respectively. For the control (untreated husk), the highest value was 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5% by sample weight for the corresponding medium, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and distilled water respectively.…”

Knock, knock-let the bacteria in: enzymatic potential of plant associated bacteria

“…In addition, metagenomic studies showed that genes encoding cellulases, xylanases, cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and cellulose-binding proteins were detected in rice root endophytic bacterial communities (Sessitsch et al, 2012). Houfani et al compared the associated bacterial communities of several ecosystems (agricultural, garden, desert, among others) and determined functions in silico and in vitro, highlighting the presence of a higher proportion of genes encoding cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases assigned to forest soils, in which there is more lignocellulosic materials available for degradation (Houfani et al, 2019).…”