Cellular stress response pathways and ageing: intricate molecular relationships

Kourtis, Nikos; Tavernarakis, Nektarios

doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.162

Cited by 260 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…3c), suggesting that expansion and selective retention of duplicated defence-related genes are probably important to oyster adaptation. Under most stressors, genes coding for HSPs, histones, IAPs and protein biogenesis were upregulated, and those for protein degradation downregulated, pointing to concerted responses to maintain cellular homeostasis 30 (Supplementary Text G3 and Supplementary Table 21). Genes involved in the unfolded protein response to cellular stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (coding for calreticulin, calnexin, 78-and 94-kDa glucose-regulated proteins) were upregulated, indicating that protein quality control is critical in cellular homeostasis under stress.…”

Section: Article Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

Zhang

Fang

Guo³

et al. 2012

Nature

1,897

1,922

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The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to one of the most species-rich but genomically poorly explored phyla, the Mollusca. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy, along with transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteome of the shell. The oyster genome is highly polymorphic and rich in repetitive sequences, with some transposable elements still actively shaping variation. Transcriptome studies reveal an extensive set of genes responding to environmental stress. The expansion of genes coding for heat shock protein 70 and inhibitors of apoptosis is probably central to the oyster's adaptation to sessile life in the highly stressful intertidal zone. Our analyses also show that shell formation in molluscs is more complex than currently understood and involves extensive participation of cells and their exosomes. The oyster genome sequence fills a void in our understanding of the Lophotrochozoa.Oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and harbour most of the phylum diversity of the animal kingdom. Understanding marine biodiversity and its evolution remains a major challenge. The Pacific oyster C. gigas (Thunberg, 1793) is a marine bivalve belonging to the phylum Mollusca, which contains the largest number of described marine animal species 1 . Molluscs have vital roles in the functioning of marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, and have had major effects on humans, primarily as food sources but also as sources of dyes, decorative pearls and shells, vectors of parasites, and biofouling or destructive agents. Many molluscs are important fishery and aquaculture species, as well as models for studying neurobiology, biomineralization, ocean acidification and adaptation to coastal environments under climate change 2,3 . As the most speciose member of the Lophotrochozoa, phylum Mollusca is central to our understanding of the biology and evolution of this superphylum of protostomes.As sessile marine animals living in estuarine and intertidal regions, oysters must cope with harsh and dynamically changing environments. Abiotic factors such as temperature and salinity fluctuate wildly, and toxic metals and desiccation also pose serious challenges. Filter-feeding oysters face tremendous exposure to microbial pathogens. Oysters do have a notable physical line of defence against predation and desiccation in the formation of thick calcified shells, a key evolutionary innovation making molluscs a successful group. However, acidification of the world's oceans by uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide poses a potentially serious threat to this ancient adaptation 4 . Understanding biomineralization and molluscan shell formation is, thus, a major area of interest 5 . Crassostrea gigas is also an interesting model for developmental biology owing to its mosaic development with typical molluscan stages, including trochophore and veliger larvae and metamorphosis.A complete genome sequence of C. gigas would enable a more th...

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Section: Article Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

Zhang

Fang

Guo³

et al. 2012

Nature

1,897

1,922

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“…The downstream effect of all these factors results an unstable environment in the cells, not capable of sustaining homeostasis under basal or elevated stress conditions (Kourtis and Tavernarakis, 2011;Taylor and Dillin, 2011). Thus, aging is a process exemplified by a cumulative failure of cellular homeostasis due to a multitude of diverse and possibly inter-connected factors.…”

Section: Ii46 Proteostasis In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firefly luciferase mutants as sensors of proteome stress

et al. 2011

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“…Therefore, strategies that confer resistance to diverse stress stimuli are crucial for survival. In several cases, resistance to stress has been linked to longevity (Johnson et al, 2002;Kourtis and Tavernarakis, 2011). Stress resistance is often studied in two different contexts: survival after acute stress and adaptation to mild stress.…”

Section: Environmental/cellular Stress Signals Induce Autophagy-mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy and ageing: Insights from invertebrate model organisms

Lionaki

Markaki

Tavernarakis

2013

Ageing Research Reviews

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a b s t r a c tAgeing in diverse species ranging from yeast to humans is associated with the gradual, lifelong accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal, self-destructive process involved in protein and organelle degradation, plays an essential role in both cellular and whole-animal homeostasis. Accumulating evidence now indicates that autophagic degradation declines with age and this gradual reduction of autophagy might have a causative role in the functional deterioration of biological systems during ageing. Indeed, loss of autophagy gene function significantly influences longevity. Moreover, genetic or pharmacological manipulations that extend lifespan in model organisms often activate autophagy. Interestingly, conserved signalling pathways and environmental factors that regulate ageing, such as the insulin/IGF-1 signalling pathway and oxidative stress response pathways converge on autophagy. In this article, we survey recent findings in invertebrates that contribute to advance our understanding of the molecular links between autophagy and the regulation of ageing. In addition, we consider related mechanisms in other organisms and discuss their similarities and idiosyncratic features in a comparative manner.

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Cellular stress response pathways and ageing: intricate molecular relationships

Cited by 260 publications

References 206 publications

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

Firefly luciferase mutants as sensors of proteome stress

Autophagy and ageing: Insights from invertebrate model organisms

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