Cellular Mobile Network Densification Utilizing Micro Base Stations

Richter, Fred; Fettweis, Gerhard

doi:10.1109/icc.2010.5502299

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the maximum transmit power per base station is varied as the network is densified. The findings in [5] follow the outcomes of [4] i.e., in a homogeneous macrocell network, the cell spectral efficiency tends to improve with increasing network density. In [6,7], the performance of homogeneous macrocellular network densification has been examined and compared with different heterogeneous network deployment alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In [4], the average cell spectral efficiency is shown to increase linearly with network densification in partially loaded system. The impact of macrocell densification on the network throughput and power consumption in both homogeneous and heterogeneous network environments has been studied in [5]. The study considers a fully loaded network, where all the base stations are continuously transmitting at full power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence the system performance is evaluated in terms of served area traffic during busy hour. Unlike in [3][4][5], where only an outdoor environment is assumed, the studies in [6,7], also take into account the indoor environment with buildings and users distributed among different floors. Nevertheless, their results indicate increasing served area traffic per busy hour as the network is densified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike in [4] and [5], where the base station parameters (antenna height, transmit power) are varied with respect to the cell size, we keep the antenna height and transmit power unchanged; only the downtilt angle is varied as network is densified. Further, an accurate deterministic 3D ray tracing model has been used in our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impact of Macrocellular Network Densification on the Capacity, Energy and Cost Efficiency in Dense Urban Environment

Yunas¹,

Isotalo²,

Niemelä³

et al. 2013

IJWMN

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of Macrocellular Network Densification on the Capacity, Energy and Cost Efficiency in Dense Urban Environment

Yunas¹,

Isotalo²,

Niemelä³

et al. 2013

IJWMN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another way is regarding the whole network, e. g. deployment strategies like cell mixes or relays, network management algorithms, or radio resource management. In terms of cell mixes, i. e., heterogeneous networks, in [3] and [4] analyses with a certain number of micro sites at the macro cells' edges were made while assuming full buffer traffic models and scaling the deployment density by varying the inter site distance. In this paper we extend these models by a random placement of a varying amount of micro sites within a macro cell leading to a specific deployment density at a constant inter site distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency gains in interference-limited heterogeneous cellular mobile radio networks with random micro site deployment

Klessig

Fehske

Fettweis

2011

34th IEEE Sarnoff Symposium

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Abstract-Energy efficiency considerations recently gained attention due to ecological aspects, that is to say lowering CO2 emissions and reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, it is important to assess energy efficiency improvements from an operator's point of view, since energy costs are increasing and providing ubiquitous high speed mobile access may scale up the operators' operational expenditure. One of two promising approaches to enhance a network's operation regarding energy efficiency is to utilize smaller micro cells within one large macro cell. Another approach is to regard macro base stations as coverage providers for areas in between micro cells, while reducing their maximum transmit powers to a minimum. In this paper we investigate on the energy efficiency of a heterogeneous OFDM-based mobile network in the downlink taking into account the co-channel interference based on varying traffic demand per area. Furthermore, we carry out an assessment of potential energy savings of the two approaches mentioned above. For a sufficiently large traffic demand, increasing deployment densitiy through additional micro sites may maximize a network's energy efficiency. In that case the network operates at a load of less than 50 %. Moreover, a further gain of energy efficiency of about 20 % can be achieved due to macro site transmit power reduction while still providing coverage. I. INTRODUCTIONOver the last few years a significant change in the use of the internet could be recognized. It not only provides information but also serves as a main medium for communication, i. e., instant messaging, email, voice over internet protocol (VoIP), video streams and video calls. The consumers' mobility and further technical improvements lead to an annual increase of the amount of transferred data in mobile communications systems of about 400 % to 800 % [1]. This induces an increase in energy consumption of mobile communications systems of about 16 % to 20 % per year, which corresponds to a doubling every four or five years [2]. 80 % of electricity consumption of a mobile radio communication network originates in its radio access network, i. e., its base stations (BS); the consumption by base stations and its backhaul networks amounts to 60 billion kWh corresponding to 60 million households [2]. In conjunction with high consumption of energy also a large amount of CO 2 emissions can be observed. ICT systems had a share of 2 % of global CO 2 emissions already in 2007, which is equivalent to the total CO 2 emissions caused by the international air traffic [2]. Due to these aspects it is important to address the mobile systems' energy efficiency. Since the largest part of power consumed by a network can be

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Self organising cloud cells: a resource efficient network densification strategy

Alsedairy

Imran

et al. 2014

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Network densification is envisioned as the key enabler for 2020 vision that requires cellular systems to grow in capacity by hundreds of times to cope with unprecedented traffic growth trends being witnessed since advent of broadband on the move. However, increased energy consumption and complex mobility management associated with network densifications remain as the two main challenges to be addressed before further network densification can be exploited on a wide scale. In the wake of these challenges, this paper proposes and evaluates a novel dense network deployment strategy for increasing the capacity of future cellular systems without sacrificing energy efficiency and compromising mobility performance. Our deployment architecture consists of smart small cells, called cloud nodes, which provide data coverage to individual users on a demand bases while taking into account the spatial and temporal dynamics of user mobility and traffic. The decision to activate the cloud nodes, such that certain performance objectives at system level are targeted, is carried out by the overlaying macrocell based on a fuzzy-logic framework. We also compare the proposed architecture with conventional macrocell only deployment and pure microcell-based dense deployment in terms of blocking probability, handover probability and energy efficiency and discuss and quantify the trade-offs therein.

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Cellular Mobile Network Densification Utilizing Micro Base Stations

Cited by 65 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of Macrocellular Network Densification on the Capacity, Energy and Cost Efficiency in Dense Urban Environment

Impact of Macrocellular Network Densification on the Capacity, Energy and Cost Efficiency in Dense Urban Environment

Energy efficiency gains in interference-limited heterogeneous cellular mobile radio networks with random micro site deployment

Self organising cloud cells: a resource efficient network densification strategy

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