Cellular microRNAs influence replication of H3N2 canine influenza virus in infected cells

Xie, Xiulan; Pang, Maoda; Shan, Liang; Lin, Yunfeng; Zhao, Yanbing; Qin, Dong; Jin, Lan; Dong, Yuhao; Liu, Yongjie

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109083

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The mRNA expression levels of the NFOR gene were significantly upregulated in the high-virulence Mhp strains 168, LH and JS compared to the low-virulence Mhp strain 168L. The mRNA expression levels of the NFOR gene in Mhp strain J remained unchanged, as the change in its expression levels were far lower than a 2-fold change ( Figure 1A ), which is usually considered the criterion for determining whether expression is significantly different ( Xie et al, 2021 ). Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of the NFOR gene were significantly upregulated in the high-virulence Mhp strains 168, LH, and JS compared to the moderate-virulence Mhp strain J ( Figure 1B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and Not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

et al. 2021

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is the main pathogen that causes enzootic pneumonia, a disease that has a significant impact on the pig industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of enzootic pneumonia, especially possible virulence factors of Mhp, has still not been fully elucidated. The transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of different Mhp strains reported in the literature have revealed differences in virulence, and differences in RNA transcription levels between high- and low-virulence strains initially indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) was related to Mhp pathogenicity. Prokaryotic expression and purification of the NFOR protein from Mhp were performed, a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody against NFOR was prepared, and multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analyses of Mhp NFOR were performed. For the first time, it was found that the NFOR protein was conserved among all Mhp strains, and NFOR was localized to the cell surface and could adhere to immortalized porcine bronchial epithelial cells (hTERT-PBECs). Adhesion to hTERT-PBECs could be specifically inhibited by an anti-NFOR polyclonal antibody, and the rates of adhesion to both high- and low-virulence strains, 168 and 168L, significantly decreased by more than 40%. Moreover, Mhp NFOR not only recognized and interacted with host fibronectin and plasminogen but also induced cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in hTERT-PBECs. The release of lactate dehydrogenase by hTERT-PBECs incubated with Mhp NFOR was significantly positively correlated with the virulence of Mhp. Overall, in addition to being a metabolic enzyme related to oxidative stress, NFOR may also function as a potential novel virulence factor of Mhp, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of Mhp; these findings provide new ideas and theoretical support for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of other mycoplasmas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and Not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

et al. 2021

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“…The differing normalization methods may reflect differences in the outcome of miRNA expression findings ( 150 ). Additionally, several studies utilized RNU6 as a reference gene when normalizing their RT-qPCR data ( 5 , 10 , 16 , 18 , 25 , 28 , 33 , 39 , 46 , 47 , 60–63 , 65 , 66 , 79 , 80 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 92 , 97 , 101 , 107–109 , 113 , 114 , 116 , 120 , 135 , 139–141 , 143 , 147 , 149 ), which, since RNU6 is not a miRNA and therefore may not behave as a miRNA, has been suggested to lead to inaccurate or skewed results ( 151 , 152 ). Additionally, some studies chose to normalize their data to their exogenous reference gene or spike in control ( 19 , 55 , 142 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on microRNA detection and expression studies in dogs

Varvil,

dos Santos

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Their stability and abundance in tissue and body fluids makes them promising potential tools for both the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and attractive therapeutic targets in humans and dogs. Studies of miRNA expression in normal and disease processes in dogs are scarce compared to studies published on miRNA expression in human disease. In this literature review, we identified 461 peer-reviewed papers from database searches using the terms “canine,” “dog,” “miRNA,” and “microRNA”; we screened 244 for inclusion criteria and then included a total of 148 original research peer-reviewed publications relating to specific miRNA expression in canine samples. We found an overlap of miRNA expression changes between the four groups evaluated (normal processes, non-infectious and non-inflammatory conditions, infectious and/or inflammatory conditions, and neoplasia) in 39 miRNAs, 83 miRNAs in three of the four groups, 110 miRNAs in two of the three groups, where 158 miRNAs have only been reported in one of the groups. Additionally, the mechanism of action of these overlapping miRNAs varies depending on the disease process, elucidating a need for characterization of the mechanism of action of each miRNA in each disease process being evaluated. Herein we also draw attention to the lack of standardization of miRNA evaluation, consistency within a single evaluation method, and the need for standardized methods for a direct comparison.

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“…Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is considered to be the principal technique for quantification of viral replication [116] , [117] , and has been employed, for example, to study the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in host-virus interactions [118] . The PCR reaction works through amplification and detection of the target gene through a read out process generally based on size and charge, or fluorescence labelling.…”

Section: Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis Of Viruses and Viral Infe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of vibrational spectroscopy to virology: A review

Chaudhary¹,

Jackson²,

Denning³

et al. 2022

Clinical Spectroscopy

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Cellular microRNAs influence replication of H3N2 canine influenza virus in infected cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and Not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and Not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

A review on microRNA detection and expression studies in dogs

Contributions of vibrational spectroscopy to virology: A review

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