Following heart surgery, postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent kind of secondary AF and the most frequent adverse event.
Postoperative AF is related to a number of unfavorable cardiac outcomes, such as heart failure, stroke, and death. However, the pharmacological
treatment for postoperative AF is only relatively efficient and is frequently linked to detrimental complications, including symptomatic bradycardia
with atrioventricular block due to rate control drugs and elevated hemorrhage hazard attributable to the administration of anticoagulants. Ablation
procedures also result in the irreversible damage of cardiac anatomic structures, which may have long-term negative implications on heart
performance. As a result, there is an unmet demand for treatments that can minimize the incidence of postoperative AF in an effective and safe
manner. Botulinum toxin is an established neurotoxin that has progressively gained use in every medical science domain. It hinders the propagation
of impulses across nerve fibers without causing immediate damage to the cardiac tissue. The transient feature of botulinum toxin action and the
eventual restoration of the autonomic nervous system transmission are undeniably advantageous and may render botulinum toxin a potential and
feasible treatment approach for postoperative AF.