Cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of lipid transport from gut to lymph

Сесорова, И. С.; Dimov, Ivan; Кашин, А. Д.; Sesorov, Vitaly; Карелина, Наталья Рафаиловна; Здорикова, М. А.; Beznoussenko, Galina V.; Mirоnоv, Alexander A.

doi:10.1016/j.tice.2021.101529

Cited by 12 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…In 2020, a new hypothesis emerged [53,59]. It has been shown that when enterocytes are overloaded with fat, the fat droplets (chylomicrons) produced in the secretory pathway of small intestinal cells increase in size and contain fewer proteins, although they are sucked into the lymph [60,61]. When such chylomicrons pass through the overloaded Golgi complex (a cellular organelle where a long chain of polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, is attached to proteins for export) glycosylation (attachment of such chains) of apoproteins is disrupted.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More frequently this happens to the endothelial cells in the G2-phase, when endothelial cells secrete proteins of basement membrane, during chronic hypertension, repeated damage, and aging which leads to a thickening of the basal membrane and increases its affinity for LDL, especially modified. A multilayer basement membrane is formed [53,61,106].…”

Section: Role Of Endothelial Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also known that enterocytes cannot synthesize sufficient amounts of cholesterol themselves, but are able to capture it from blood LDL, which are formed from VLDL, formed by hepatocytes. It is the consumption of too much vegetable fat in one meal that leads to vegans forming large chylomicrons, which circulate longer in the blood and are more susceptible to oxidation in this oxygenated liquid [60,61]. Lipid transcytosis is impaired when enterocytes are overloaded with lipids, chylomicrons are increased in size [60].…”

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Mirоnоv

Beznoussenko

2022

IJMS

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Atherosclerosis is a multicausal disease characterized by the formation of cholesterol-containing plaque in the pronounced intima nearest to the heart’s elastic-type arteries that have high levels of blood circulation. Plaques are formed due to arterial pressure-induced damage to the endothelium in areas of turbulent blood flow. It is found in the majority of the Western population, including young people. This denies the monogenic mechanism of atherogenesis. In 1988, Orekhov et al. and Kawai et al. discovered that the presence of atherogenic (modified, including oxidized ones) LDLs is necessary for atherogenesis. On the basis of our discovery, suggesting that the overloading of enterocytes with lipids could lead to the formation of modified LDLs, we proposed a new hypothesis explaining the main factors of atherogenesis. Indeed, when endothelial cells are damaged and then pass through the G2 phase of their cell cycle they secrete proteins into their basement membrane. This leads to thickening of the basement membrane and increases its affinity to LDL especially for modified ones. When the enterocyte transcytosis pathway is overloaded with fat, very large chylomicrons are formed, which have few sialic acids, circulate in the blood for a long time, undergo oxidation, and can induce the production of autoantibodies. It is the sialic acids that shield the short forks of the polysaccharide chains to which autoantibodies are produced. Here, these data are evaluated from the point of view of our new model.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Endothelial Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Mirоnоv

Beznoussenko

2022

IJMS

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“…Absorption of cholesterol refers to the transfer of intraluminal cholesterol into enterocytes or thoracic duct lymph [ 69 ]. The food substances and bile enter from the intestinal lumen into enterocytes via the transmembrane protein Niemann-Pick C1 like1 (NPC1L1) [ 70 ].…”

Section: Major Cholesterol Regulatory Mechanisms Of Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 1 ) HMGCR is blocked by curcumin [ 108 ], leoligin [ 109 ], ODP-Ia [ 110 ], puerarin [ 111 ], and geraniol [ 112 ]. ( 2 ) Activation of AMPK by phytochemicals such as curcumin, tanshinone IIA, and paeoniflorin leads to inhibition of cholesterol synthesis [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. ( 3 , 4 ) Emodin inhibits the transcription of SREBP-2 [ 114 ], whereas (−)-epicatechin and tetramethylpyrazine block the SCAP/SREBP-1c pathway [ 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Major Cholesterol Regulatory Mechanisms Of Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2021

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Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to the development of hyperlipidemia, a common cause of multiple chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) currently remains the primary target for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Despite the advancement of treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, medications used to manage hyperlipidemia are limited to allopathic drugs, which present certain limitations and adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that utilization of phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods is an alternative and promising strategy to prevent hyperlipidemia and CVD. The current review focuses on phytochemicals and their pharmacological mode of actions for the regulation of LDL-C and prevention of CVD. The important molecular mechanisms illustrated in detail in this review include elevation of reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption, acceleration of cholesterol excretion in the liver, and reduction of cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the beneficial effects of plant-based whole foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, dried nuts, flax seeds, whole grains, peas, beans, vegan diets, and dietary fibers in LDL-C reduction and cardiovascular health are summarized. This review concludes that phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods can reduce LDL-C levels and lower the risk for CVD.

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Tight Junctions in the Inflamed Gut

Encarnación-García

Nava

2022

Tight Junctions

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Cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of lipid transport from gut to lymph

Cited by 12 publications

References 134 publications

Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease

Tight Junctions in the Inflamed Gut

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