Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants

Bashline, Logan; Lei, Lei; Li, Shundai; Gu, Ying

doi:10.1093/mp/ssu018

Cited by 171 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Nematode efectors including expansin, β-1,4-endoglucanase and polygalacturonase are released during primary infection and feeding site development. In plants, expansin proteins are secreted during growth processes to allow for cell enlargement [66]. Nematodes are believed to cause diferential expressions of plant genes encoding cell wall modifying proteins including expansins [67] quite possibly to mimic endogenous expansin production during feeding site development.…”

Section: Nematode Parasitism Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rme1 is considered a potential component of the Mi-1-mediated signaling pathway as studies have indicated tomato Rme1 mutants lack resistance to nematodes and whitelies [66]. Molecular changes in Rme1 protein conformation due to the presence of pathogens, may be recognized by Mi-1.1 which signals the hypersensitive response in the "guard hypothesis" [83].…”

Section: Mi-12 (Referred To Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

Bernard¹,

Egnin²,

Bonsi³

2017

Nematology - Concepts, Diagnosis and Control

123

101

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Plant-parasitic nematodes are costly burdens of crop production. Ubiquitous in nature, phytoparasitic nematodes are associated with nearly every important agricultural crop and represent a signiicant constraint on global food security. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.) and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) rank at the top of list of the most economically and scientiically important species due to their intricate relationship with the host plants, wide host range, and the level of damage ensued by infection. Limitations on the use of chemical pesticides have brought increasing interest in studies on alternative methods of nematode control. Among these strategies of nonchemical nematode management is the identiication and implementation of host resistance. In addition, nematode genes involved in parasitism represent key targets for the development of control through gene silencing methods such as RNA interference. Recently, transcriptome proiling analyses has been used to distinguish nematode resistant and susceptible genotypes and identify the speciic molecular components and pathways triggered during the plant immune response to nematode invasion. This summary highlights the importance of plant-parasitic nematodes in agriculture and the molecular events involved in plant-nematode interactions.

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Section: Nematode Parasitism Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mi-12 (Referred To Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

Bernard¹,

Egnin²,

Bonsi³

2017

Nematology - Concepts, Diagnosis and Control

123

101

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“…Bacteria produce cell wall lipopolysaccharides which are recognized by a surface-localized lectin S-domain receptor kinase (Macho and Zipfel, 2015). Fungi produce cell wall chitins that are recognized by a lysine motif (lysM) domain containing the RLK1 gene, the chitin elicitor receptor kinase (CERK1) in Arabidopsis and rice, which in turn regulates TFs that regulate R RRM genes to biosynthesize RRMs that reinforce cell walls (Bashline et al, 2014;Macho and Zipfel, 2015;Miya et al, 2007) (Figure 1). Necrotrophs and hemibiotrophs, and at advanced stages of infection the biotrophs, produce several enzymes (elicitors), such as cutinases, xylanase, cellulases, pectin lyases, and laccases to break down the host cell wall, which releases DAMP (plant signal molecules) (Boller and Felix, 2009;Pendleton et al, 2014).…”

Section: A Plant Receptor (Elrr and Err) Genes And Regulation Of Dowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogens also try to neutralize the effect of these phytoalexins by converting them to less toxic oxidized forms or conjugate with glycosides through production of enzymes (Jeandet et al, 2014). Primary cell walls produced by cellulose and pectins are constitutively enforced by the deposition of secondary metabolites (RRC) (Bashline et al, 2014;Eudes et al, 2014;Nakano et al, 2015). In addition, following pathogen invasion, more secondary metabolites are induced (RRI) and these form complex polymers that are deposited in xylem vessels to enforce cell walls (Gunnaiah et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014b;Yogendra et al, 2015a).…”

Section: B Resistance-related Metabolites (Rrm) and The Mechanisms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Kushalappa

Yogendra

Karre

2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

156

103

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Plant diseases, caused by microbes, threaten world food, feed, and bioproduct security. Plant resistance has not been effectively deployed to improve resistance in plants for lack of understanding of biochemical mechanisms and genetic bedrock of resistance. With the advent of genome sequencing, the forward and reverse genetic approaches have enabled deciphering the riddle of resistance. Invading pathogens produce elicitors and effectors that are recognized by the host membrane-localized receptors, which in turn induce a cascade of downstream regulatory and resistance metabolite and protein biosynthetic genes (R) to produce resistance metabolites and proteins, which reduce pathogen advancement through their antimicrobial and cell wall enforcement properties. The resistance in plants to pathogen attack is expressed as reduced susceptibility, ranging from high susceptibility to hypersensitive response, the shades of gray. The hypersensitive response or cell death is considered as qualitative resistance, while the remainder of the reduced susceptibility is considered as quantitative resistance. The resistance is due to additive effects of several resistance metabolites and proteins, which are produced through a network of several hierarchies of plant R genes. Plants recognize the pathogen elicitors or receptors and then induce downstream genes to eventually produce resistance metabolites and proteins that suppress the pathogen advancement in plant. These resistance genes (R), against qualitative and quantitative resistance, can be identified in germplasm collections and replaced in commercial cultivars, if nonfunctional, based on genome editing to improve plant resistance.

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“…It can allow cells to resist to compression forces [16]. Cell wall composition includes cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, proteins [17] and lignin in some cell types [18].Cellulose is a cell wall polysaccharide with a high molecular mass, formed by long linear chains of β-1,4-linked glucose residues forming microibrils [1 ]. Primary walls contain around 20-30% cellulose, and secondary walls up to 50% [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Proteomics as a Means to Identify Target Genes to Improve Second‐Generation Biofuel Production

Calderan-Rodrigues¹,

Fonseca²,

Labate³

et al. 2017

Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels

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Second-generation biofuels "2G generally uses residues composed of lignocellulosic materials to produce renewable energy potentially up to 50% , without increasing the planted areas. However, the high cost of enzymes required for cell wall disassembly prior to the sacchariication makes the "2G production more expensive yet, compared to the irst-generation biofuels. Designing plants with less lignin, a barrier to "2G production, or facilitating cell wall disassembly by searching for the plant mechanisms can be the way to obtain "2G feasibility. Therewith, plant cell wall proteomics provides valuable information concerning the main cell wall proteins CWPs involved in its biosynthesis and rearrangements. Essentially, two plants of the grass family have been studied: sugarcane as a crop amenable to second-generation ethanol E2G production and Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant amenable to genetic transformation. Cell wall proteomics has allowed the identiication of numerous CWPs as well as their ine proiling in diferent organs and at various developmental stages. Proteins acting on carbohydrates, mostly glycosyl hydrolases, and oxidoreductases, including class III peroxidases and laccases, can be highlighted. "oth kinds of CWPs are assumed to contribute to the remodelling of cell wall polysaccharides by enzymatic or nonenzymatic mechanisms. CWPs present in growing organs could also be atractive candidates since they greatly contribute to cell wall plasticity.Keywords: Brachypodium distachyon, cell wall protein, grass, second generation ethanol, sugarcane © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. . IntroductionSecond-generation biofuels "2G are a promising renewable alternative to supply energy demand of fossil fuels worldwide, whose advantage is mostly due to the lower emission of greenhouse gases and the possibility to increase the production without widening the planted area. However, we are still far from producing "2G at an economically competitive way and reasonable amount to replace fossil fuels. "2G uses lignocellulosic material as substrates. Since sugarcane has been considered one of the best crops to produce bioethanol, its bagasse and straw have been studied as one of the main complementary sources of C 6 and C 5 sugars for "2G. One of the main constrains to its economic feasibility relies on the rate of success of the enzymatic sacchariication enabling the conversion of the plant cell wall sugars into bioethanol [1]. Sacchariication of the cell wall ...

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Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants

Cited by 171 publications

References 150 publications

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Cell Wall Proteomics as a Means to Identify Target Genes to Improve Second‐Generation Biofuel Production

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