Cell type catalog of middle turbinate epithelium

Abstract

Importance: Elucidation of the cellular makeup of the middle turbinate provides a foundation for future studies of pathogenesis of sinonasal disease. Neural progenitors and pluripotent basal cells found in middle turbinate mucosa potentially can be used to develop cellular models to study brain disorders or in regenerative medicine to substitute neuronal tissues. Objective: Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of middle turbinate mucosa was performed to create the first single cell transcriptome catalog of this part of the human body. Design: Samples were obtained from the head of the middle turbinate from healthy volunteers. After the specimen was prepared per lab protocol, cells were dissociated, suspended, and counted. Single cell libraries were then prepared according to the 10x Genomics protocol and sequenced using NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina). Sequencing data were processed using Cell Ranger, and clustering and gene expression analysis was performed using Seurat. Cell types were annotated using known markers and data from other single cell studies. Setting: Single center, tertiary care center Participants: Healthy volunteer. Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies): None. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Identification of cell types of middle turbinate mucosa through expression profiling of single cells using known markers. Results: 14 unique cell types were identified, including serous, goblet, club, basal, ciliated, endothelial, and neural progenitor cells, as well as multiple types of blood cells. Conclusions and Relevance: This catalog provides a comprehensive depiction of the cellular composition of middle turbinate mucosa. By uncovering the cellular stratification of gene expression profiles in healthy middle turbinate epithelium, the groundwork has been laid for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis and targeted therapy of sinonasal disease.

Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology

“…We have previously developed CNON from 256 individuals including 144 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and demonstrate the robustness of CNON development and consistency of expression profiles during growth in culture and between individuals (13). Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a cell type in middle turbinate (MT) with an expression profile corresponding to CNON (15), confirming that CNON is not a mixture of cell types but instead a single cell type with a specific gene expression profile. These properties resulted in lower biological noise as compared to cellular models with higher heterogeneity.…”

Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology

“…We previously developed CNON from 256 individuals, including 144 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and demonstrated the robustness of CNON development and the consistency of expression profiles during growth in culture and between individuals [14]. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a cell type in middle turbinate (MT) with an expression profile corresponding to CNON [16], confirming that CNON is not a mixture of cell types but instead a single cell type with a specific gene expression profile. The aim of this study is to assess the similarity of CNON to cells in the middle turbinate, the olfactory epithelium, and the brain using single-cell transcriptomics and to evaluate the relevance of this cellular model in the study of brain disorders.…”

“…We then compared CNON expression profiles with a large dataset of brains at several embryonic stages of development (Carnegie stages [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] [17]. A dataset from the early stages of development was chosen for our comparison as we believe that the embryonic brain was more likely to contain CNON-like cells than the fetal brain at later stages of development due to a closer relationship to a common or similar ancestors.…”