Cell Growth and Size Homeostasis in Proliferating Animal Cells

Tzur, Amit; Kafri, Ran; LeBleu, Valerie S.; Lahav, Galit; Kirschner, Marc W.

doi:10.1126/science.1174294

Cited by 384 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Exponential growth implies that the speed of growth accelerates in proportion to increasing cell size. In practice, distinguishing between linear and exponential patterns of single-cell growth is technically challenging because the respective growth curves exhibit similar shapes, and highly precise measurements are required to distinguish between them 3,5,6 . Recent studies using a variety of experimental techniques lend support to the hypothesis that growth of single cells is size-dependent and approximately exponential in E. coli, B. subtilis, budding yeast and mammalian cells [5][6][7] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Single-cell dynamics of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles in mycobacteria

et al. 2013

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During the bacterial cell cycle, chromosome replication and cell division must be coordinated with overall cell growth in order to maintain the correct ploidy and cell size. The spatial and temporal coordination of these processes in mycobacteria is not understood. Here we use microfluidics and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to measure the dynamics of cell growth, division and chromosome replication in single cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis. We find that single-cell growth is size-dependent (large cells grow faster than small cells), which implicates a size-control mechanism in cell-size homoeostasis. Asymmetric division of mother cells gives rise to unequally sized sibling cells that grow at different velocities but show no differential sensitivity to antibiotics. Individual cells are restricted to one round of chromosome replication per cell division cycle, although replication usually initiates in the mother cell before cytokinesis and terminates in the daughter cells after cytokinesis. These studies reveal important differences between cell cycle organization in mycobacteria compared with better-studied model organisms.

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confidence: 99%

Single-cell dynamics of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles in mycobacteria

et al. 2013

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“…By measuring a single cell growth rate during the cell cycle progression in both yeast and mammalian cells, several groups have discovered that the cell growth rate during the cell cycle is not constant but changes during the cell cycle stages. The cell growth rate is high during G1 phase but is decreased during mitosis [154][155][156][157], suggesting that cell division may inhibit cell growth. It has been proposed that increased Cdk activity and polarized actin cytoskeleton during mitosis may be responsible for the inhibition of cell growth [148].…”

Section: Interaction Between Cell Growth and Cell Division In Cell Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanism of size control in development and human diseases

Yang

2011

Cell Res

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How multicellular organisms control their size is a fundamental question that fascinated generations of biologists. In the past 10 years, tremendous progress has been made toward our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying size control. Original studies from Drosophila showed that in addition to extrinsic nutritional and hormonal cues, intrinsic mechanisms also play important roles in the control of organ size during development. Several novel signaling pathways such as insulin and Hippo-LATS signaling pathways have been identified that control organ size by regulating cell size and/or cell number through modulation of cell growth, cell division, and cell death. Later studies using mammalian cell and mouse models also demonstrated that the signaling pathways identified in flies are also conserved in mammals. Significantly, recent studies showed that dysregulation of size control plays important roles in the development of many human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertrophy.

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“…It is known that the probability for cell division depends both on age and on cell size [1,2]. For instance, for cells of the same size (mouse lymphoblasts L1210) the probability of division increases with cell age and for cells of the same age, the probability of division increases with cell size [2]. Cell division and cell growth cycles seem to be interrelated [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent stochastic models for understanding population fluctuations in continuously cultured cells

Stukalin

Aifuwa

Kim

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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For symmetrically dividing cells, large variations in the cell cycle time are typical, even among clonal cells. The consequence of this variation is important in stem cell differentiation, tissue and organ size control, and cancer development, where cell division rates ultimately determine the cell population. We explore the connection between cell cycle time variation and populationlevel fluctuations using simple stochastic models. We find that standard population models with constant division and death rates fail to predict the level of population fluctuation. Instead, variations in the cell division time contribute to population fluctuations. An age-dependent birth and death model allows us to compute the mean squared fluctuation or the population dispersion as a function of time. This dispersion grows exponentially with time, but scales with the population. We also find a relationship between the dispersion and the cell cycle time distribution for synchronized cell populations. The model can easily be generalized to study populations involving cell differentiation and competitive growth situations.

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Cell Growth and Size Homeostasis in Proliferating Animal Cells

Cited by 384 publications

References 26 publications

Single-cell dynamics of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles in mycobacteria

Single-cell dynamics of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles in mycobacteria

Molecular mechanism of size control in development and human diseases

Age-dependent stochastic models for understanding population fluctuations in continuously cultured cells

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