Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression inArabidopsis

Menges, Margit; Hennig, Lars; Gruissem, Wilhelm; Murray, James A. H.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m207570200

Cited by 230 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Three MYB genes have peak expressions at the S phase, whereas five other MYB genes are mainly expressed at the M phase [28,29]. Two other MYB genes are expressed at the G1 and G2 phases [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An R2R3-type transcription factor gene AtMYB59 regulates root growth and cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An R2R3-type transcription factor gene AtMYB59 regulates root growth and cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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“…In contrast, ectopic expression of CYCD3;1, whose expression and activity are also normally activated in late G 1 phase (8,12,31), specifically promotes the mitotic cell cycle, leading to increased cell number, reduced cell size, and reduced endocycling (14,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

Dewitte

Scofield²,

Alcasabas³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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341

352

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Current understanding of the integration of cell division and expansion in the development of plant lateral organs such as leaves is limited. Cell number is established during a mitotic phase, and subsequent growth into a mature organ relies primarily on cell expansion accompanied by endocycles. Here we show that the three Arabidopsis cyclin D3 (CYCD3) genes are expressed in overlapping but distinct patterns in developing lateral organs and the shoot meristem. Triple loss-of-function mutants show that CYCD3 function is essential neither for the mitotic cell cycle nor for morphogenesis. Rather, analysis of mutant and reciprocal overexpression phenotypes shows that CYCD3 function contributes to the control of cell number in developing leaves by regulating the duration of the mitotic phase and timing of the transition to endocycles. Petals, which normally do not endoreduplicate, respond to loss of CYCD3 function with larger cells that initiate endocycles. The phytohormone cytokinin regulates cell division in the shoot meristem and developing leaves and induces CYCD3 expression. Loss of CYCD3 impairs shoot meristem function and leads to reduced cytokinin responses, including the inability to initiate shoots on callus, without affecting endogenous cytokinin levels. We conclude that CYCD3 activity is important for determining cell number in developing lateral organs and the relative contribution of the alternative processes of cell production and cell expansion to overall organ growth, as well as mediating cytokinin effects in apical growth and development.cell division ͉ cyclin D ͉ flowering time ͉ plant development

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“…Our data suggest that cyclin-induced activation of NtmybA2 requires many putative sites of phosphorylation and that each site makes a contribution to the cyclininduced activation. At least two regions of NtmybA2 are important for cyclin-mediated regulation; one is located in the conserved domain that includes motifs 6 -10, and the other, including motifs [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], is located at the carboxyl terminus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, a wide range of G 2 /M phasespecific genes seem to be regulated by 3Rmyb proteins. A recent analysis of the Arabidopsis transcriptome, using a DNA tip, revealed that 93 of 8,250 genes tested showed G 2 /M phasespecific expression, with kinetics of expression similar to those of cyclin B genes (18). Among these 93 genes, ϳ20% include MSA consensus sequence YCYAACGGYY (where Y indicates C or T) in the promoter region, defined as the 1-kb region upstream of the site of initiation of translation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic Cyclins Stimulate the Activity of c-Myb-like Factors for Transactivation of G2/M Phase-specific Genes in Tobacco

Araki

Ito

Soyano

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

117

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Myb transcription factors, which contain three imperfect repeats in the Myb domain, are evolutionarily conserved members of the Myb superfamily. Vertebrate Myb proteins with three repeats, c-Myb, A-Myb, and BMyb, play important roles at the G 1 /S transition in the cell cycle. In plants, this type of Myb protein controls the G 2 /M phase by activating or repressing the transcription of cyclin B genes and a variety of other G 2 /M phasespecific genes. In tobacco, two genes for Myb activators, NtmybA1 and NtmybA2, are transcriptionally controlled and are expressed specifically at the G 2 /M phase. As we showed here, in addition to the control at the transcriptional level, activity of NtmybA2 is also controlled at the post-translational level. We found that the transactivation potential of NtmybA2 is repressed by a regulatory domain located at its carboxyl terminus and that specific classes of cyclins A and B enhanced NtmybA2 activity possibly by relieving this inhibitory effect. Mutations at the 20 potential sites of phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) in NtmybA2 blocked the enhancing effects of the cyclins on NtmybA2 activity. Recombinant NtmybA2 was phosphorylated in vitro by a CDK fraction prepared from tobacco BY2 cells. The kinase activity for NtmybA2 in the CDK fraction was cell cycle-regulated in BY2 cells, peaking at the G 2 /M phase when the level of transcripts of cyclin B is maximal. Taken together, our data suggest that NtmybA2 is phosphorylated by a specific cyclin/CDK complex(es) at G 2 /M and that this phosphorylation removes the inhibitory effect of its C-terminal region, thereby activating NtmybA2 specifically at G 2 /M.In the eukaryotic cell cycle, molecular events occur in a well-defined and reproducible sequence. The periodic activation at the transcriptional level of genes that regulate the cell cycle is fundamental to this process. In animals, transcription of several genes induced at the G 1 /S transition is mainly controlled by the E2F/DP heterodimeric transcription factors (for review, see Ref. 1). E2F-binding sequences are found in promoters from many genes that are transcribed at around the time of G 1 /S transition. Both E2F and DP factors have recently been identified in plants (for review, see Ref.2), and some reports indicate that plant E2F/DP factors play a role at the G 1 /S transition (3, 4). By contrast, different mechanisms for G 2 /M phase-specific transcription have been proposed in plants and animals. In animal cells, G 2 /M phase-specific transcription is mainly regulated by two repressor elements known as cell cycle-dependent elements (CDE) and cell cycle gene homology region (CHR) (for review, see Ref. 5). These elements are found in the promoters of various G 2 /M phase-specific genes, which include cdc25C (6), polo-like kinase (7), aurora A (8), and cyclin B2 (9). Mutation of the CDE and CHR elements allows elevated transcription during G 1 and consequent loss of cell cycle-regulated expression. In plants, G 2 /M phase-specific genes do not contain these rep...

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Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression inArabidopsis

Cited by 230 publications

References 94 publications

An R2R3-type transcription factor gene AtMYB59 regulates root growth and cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis

An R2R3-type transcription factor gene AtMYB59 regulates root growth and cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses

Mitotic Cyclins Stimulate the Activity of c-Myb-like Factors for Transactivation of G2/M Phase-specific Genes in Tobacco

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