What comes out of surrogacy

Making and breaking families – reading queer reproductions, stratified reproduction and reproductive justice together

“…Recent ethnographic and qualitative studies of queer reproduction using ART have revealed new kinds of relatedness emerging between LGBTQ + parents and donors or surrogates who helped them. Some maintained relationships that neither corresponded to traditional kin roles nor were estranged (Blake et al, 2016;Courduriès, 2016;Jadva and Imrie, 2014;Mamo, 2007;Mohr, 2015;Nordqvist, 2012;Smietana, 2017). Research has also brought to light previously unnamed kinship forms, such as the 'affinity ties' identified by Laura Mamo (2007: 205) in which donors, surrogates and intended gay and lesbian parents choose one another for biological relationship not so much by physical resemblance as by a sense of affinity based on such things as shared interests, background, and values.…”

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“…Embora a maternidade pareça bastante indivisível tanto nas representações sociais generalizadas quanto nas definições legais, a PMA possibilitou uma divisão sem precedentes na reprodução 9,10 . Dependendo dos casos, a maternidade pode assumir três significados diferentes: a mulher que contribui com o seu material genético mesmo que não tenha a possibilidade fisiológica de engravidar (progenitora ou mãe genética); a mulher que leva a cabo a gravidez durante nove meses e dá à luz (mãe gestacional); ou a mulher que planeou e desenvolveu o projeto parental e que educará a criança que tanto deseja, embora sem poder concebê-la biologicamente (mãe de intenção ou mãe social).…”

Relational surrogacies excluded from the French bioethics model: a euro-american perspective in the light of Marcel Mauss and Louis Dumont

“…In addition to the difficulties inherent in the cross-border nature of this practice, the particularities of creating kinship through GS have attracted the attention of social science researchers (see, in particular, Courduriès, 2016;Levine, 2003;Pande, 2010;Ragoné, 1996;Teman, 2010;Thompson, 2002). Based on an original survey among French intended parents (IPs) using GS in the USA and Belgium, and a 2-year ethnography on medical practice in a fertility centre in Belgium, this article aims to shed light on the specific relationships that GS creates and the relational statuses that people must adopt at different moments in the process.…”