CD56 Expression Is an Important Prognostic Factor in Multiple Myeloma Even with Bortezomib Induction

Abstract

Objectives: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the impact of CD56, CD117, and CD28 expression on clinical characteristics and survival in newly diagnosed myeloma patients treated with bortezomib-based induction therapy. Methods: We analyzed 110 myeloma patients. Immunophenotype was determined using panels consisting of CD19/CD38/CD45/CD56/CD138 and CD20, CD28, and CD117 were used additionally. All samples were tested for recurrent chromosomal aberrations. Results: CD56, CD117, and CD28 expression rates were 71, 6, and 68%, respectively. The lack of CD56 expression was associated with light chain myeloma. The lack of CD117 expression was associated with elevated creatinine levels (p = 0.037). We discovered the correlation between CD 28 expression and female gender. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with revised International Staging System stage 2 disease with CD56 expression or the lack of CD56 expression was 20.5 vs. 13.8 months (p = 0.03). In patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), we found no difference in PFS and overall survival regarding the CD56 expression. We found no impact of CD117 and CD28 expression on PFS in patients regarding aHSCT. Conclusions: Induction treatment incorporating bortezomib diminishes the negative impact of the lack of CD117 expression and aberrancy of CD28 but does not overcome the negative impact of the lack of CD56 expression.

CD56 for Multiple Myeloma: Lack of CD56 May Be Associated with Worse Prognosis

“…In conclusion, CD56 may indeed be associated with prognosis and remains one of the leading myeloma markers, as Skerget et al [4] reported. We recommend assessing CD56 as well as other myeloma markers in the clinical practice setting.…”

“…In the last issue of Acta Haematologica, Skerget et al [4] reported that a lack of CD56 is associated with worse progression-free survival in patients with R-ISS stage 2 MM treated by a bortezomib-based regimen, but not with worse overall survival. Although their results corroborated the results of previous studies, patients with R-ISS stage 2 comprise approximately 60% of MM patients and, in their study, the patient group was further stratified by CD56 expression [5].…”

Novel progresses of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in multiple myeloma

“…CD56 is strongly expressed by malignant plasma cells in 70% of myeloma patients and represents a potential immunotherapy target. CD56 is also expressed at lower levels on normal tissue types (including neuronal cells, NK cells, and parts of activated T cells) (41). In vitro cytotoxicity tests show that CD56 CAR-T cells have a significant lysis effect on myeloma cell lines, and can effectively eradicate tumor cells in MM mice at a dose of 5×10 6 (18).…”

Outside the box—Surgery for aggressive plasmacytoma in scar

“…Eighty percent of the cells were positive for Ki-67. 11,12 The bony defect was covered with a titanium mesh, and soft tissue was reconstructed using a latissimus dorsi muscle free flap covered by a split-thickness skin graft. Anastomoses were performed in an end-to-end fashion between the thoracodorsal vessels and the left superficial temporal vessels.…”

“…The tumor cells were positive for CD56, CD79a, CD138, and lambda light chains, and negative for CD20, IgM, and kappa light chains. Eighty percent of the cells were positive for Ki‐67 11,12 …”