Cd-induced phytochelatin synthesis in Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter is determined by the dilution of the culture medium

Abstract

In this paper, we examined Cd accumulation and PC synthesis in two clones of Dittrichia viscosa, one with a metallicolous (DV-A) and the other with a non-metallicolous origin (DV-W). The clones were cultured in vitro with 0 and 10 mg Cd L(-1) in both short-term treatments (up to 72 h) and over 10 days. We also examined the influence of the culture medium dilution and the PC-synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), on these parameters. Similar Cd accumulation values were found in the two clones. No synthesis of new thiolic compounds was observed in Cd-treated plants cultured in vitro in Murashige and Skoog medium up to 72 h when compared to controls. Dilution of the culture medium affected PC production, increasing it in 1/2 MS and especially in 1/4 MS. Cd uptake did not increase in the same way, but still hyperaccumulation levels were exceeded in all Cd treatments. BSO addition increased the sensitivity of D. viscosa to Cd and diminished Cd accumulation. Nevertheless, a poor correlation between PCs and Cd accumulation capacity was observed since the highest Cd content did not correspond to the highest PC levels. All these results obtained suggest that PCs are important in Cd accumulation and detoxification in D. viscosa and also that other mechanisms might be involved in these traits.

Cadmium-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant defense mechanisms in Glycine max L.

“…We observed this behavior, where GSH increase responsed to Cd toxicity [11,12] ; also this behavior was observed in previous work in Vigna mungo L. under Cd exposure [13] .…”

“…Stimulation of GSH biosynthesis is frequently observed under adverse conditions; this compound is also a precursor of phytochelatins (PCs), which enable the plant to resist supraoptimal concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd [10][11][12] .…”

“…The tolerance of plants to Cd involves metal detoxification processes, such as complexation with PCs, that are specific chelating compounds [10,11,14,15] . PCs may transport metals from roots to shoots and leaves [12] , and thus the quantification of metals in different plant parts may correlate PCs production with metal accumulation and its transport [16,17] .…”

Characterization of the phytochelatins and their derivatives in rice exposed to cadmium based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with data-dependent hybrid linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry

“…The growth in mining, metallurgy, industrial activities and other human activities have led to the release of heavy metals into the environment, which, due to their immutable nature, pose a major environmental problem . Of them, Cd is a non‐essential element and pollutant that negatively affects plant growth and development, and is an extremely significant pollutant because of its high toxicity and solubility in water . Cd accumulation in rice grains become becomes a major exposure pathway for people feeding on rice which can cause health problems to consumers, but the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation are not fully understood.…”

Sulfur supply as a sustainable technology for phytoextraction: its effects on cadmium uptake and detoxification in Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai

“…cysteine) (NIEBOER; RICHARDSON, 1980). Thus, GSH and PCs are fundamental for Cd tolerance in plants (GRILL;WINNACKER;ZENK, 1986;BERNHARD;KÄGI, 1987;KLAPHECK, 1988;KLAPHECK et al, 1988, KLAPHECK;SCHLUNZ;BERGMANN, 1995;COBBETT;GOLDSBROUGH, 2002;VÁZQUEZ;CARPENA, 2006;FERNÁNDEZ et al, 2013;JOZECFZAK et al, 2014;. In this study, GSH and PCs synthesis was strongly induced by Cd ( Figures 6A-F), mainly in a sample comprising both stem and sheath material (Figures 6B and 6E) and roots (Figures 6C and 6F) of Massai grass, which were the tissues that presented the highest Cd content ( Figure 1D).…”