2016
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10256
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CCR4 promotes metastasis via ERK/NF-κB/MMP13 pathway and acts downstream of TNF-α in colorectal cancer

Abstract: Chemokines and chemokine receptors are causally involved in the metastasis of human malignancies. As a crucial chemokine receptor for mediating immune homeostasis, however, the role of CCR4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of CCR4 in CRC tissues was correlated with shorter overall survival and disease free survival. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that silencing CCR4 attenuated the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells, whereas ectopic overexpres… Show more

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Cited by 41 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…As one possible mechanism, it could be that macrophage-derived CCL17 activates directly CCR4-expressing fibroblasts, which in turn augment MMP3 and MMP13 expression, leading to joint damage -both MMPs are expressed in synovial tissue from patients with early symptomatic OA [55]. Notably, CCL17-mediated CCR4 activation in other models is reported to up-regulate MMP13 [56,57]. Importantly, cells in both cartilage and bone are also likely to express MMPs [58] and whether CCL17 acts directly on cartilage and bone requires further investigation, as does the relative contribution of the synovium, cartilage and bone to pain and joint destruction in this model.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As one possible mechanism, it could be that macrophage-derived CCL17 activates directly CCR4-expressing fibroblasts, which in turn augment MMP3 and MMP13 expression, leading to joint damage -both MMPs are expressed in synovial tissue from patients with early symptomatic OA [55]. Notably, CCL17-mediated CCR4 activation in other models is reported to up-regulate MMP13 [56,57]. Importantly, cells in both cartilage and bone are also likely to express MMPs [58] and whether CCL17 acts directly on cartilage and bone requires further investigation, as does the relative contribution of the synovium, cartilage and bone to pain and joint destruction in this model.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MMP‐2/‐9 plays important roles in cancer invasion and metastasis . MMP13 plays an important role in CCR4‐mediated cancer cell invasion, which is upregulated by ERK/NF‐κB signaling . FN1 is an extracellular matrix protein which promotes the adhesion, survival, migration, and differentiation of cells, and it has been shown to play an important role in wound healing and embryonic development …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although these cell lines were of the same genetic background, primary tumor-derived cells expressed low levels of the chemokine receptor CCR4, whereas brain-metastasizing melanoma cells expressed significantly higher levels of CCR4. CCR4 has already been shown to direct organ-specific metastasis of breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, “brain-derived soluble factors” upregulate CCR4 expression in melanoma cells and enhance the migration of brain-metastasizing melanoma cells specifically; however, whether these soluble factors are the brain-expressed CCR4 ligands, CCL17 or CCL22, and whether this signaling axis promotes melanoma brain metastasis remains to be determined [ 23 ].…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Melanoma Brain Metastasismentioning
confidence: 99%