Cavum septum pellucidum and adhesio interthalamica in schizophrenia: an MRI study

Abstract

Several studies have independently suggested that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to have an enlarged cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and an absent adhesio interthalamica (AI), respectively. However, neither finding has been consistently replicated and it is unclear whether there is an association between these two midline brain abnormalities. Thus, we compared the prevalence of absent AI and the prevalence, size and volume of CSP in 38 patients with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were no between group differences in the presence or volume of CSP; however, an enlarged CSP was commoner among patients than controls. There was also a positive correlation between CSP ratings and volumes. No differences in the presence or absence of the AI were found between patients and controls; however, an absent AI was commoner in male patients with schizophrenia than females. There was absolutely no overlap between the presence of a large CSP and an absence of AI. In conclusion, our findings are in line with several case series and other MRI investigations that have shown a higher incidence of putatively developmental brain abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia, particularly in males, and support the neurodevelopmental model of this disorder.

A magnetic resonance imaging study of adhesio interthalamica in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia

“…The results of the present study is also consistent with the studies conducted by Meisenzahl,[3132] Nopoulos,[35] and De Souza Crippa,[36] which could not find any significant differences in prevalence of AI absence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. However, our results are not supported by Erbagci's[29] study in which higher prevalence of AI absence has been reported in patients in comparison with healthy controls.…”

A magnetic resonance imaging study of adhesio interthalamica in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia

“…The results of the present study is also consistent with the studies conducted by Meisenzahl,[3132] Nopoulos,[35] and De Souza Crippa,[36] which could not find any significant differences in prevalence of AI absence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. However, our results are not supported by Erbagci's[29] study in which higher prevalence of AI absence has been reported in patients in comparison with healthy controls.…”

Focusing on The Association Between Cavum Septum Pellucidum and/or Cavum Vergae and Clinical Symptoms and Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia

“…In a study that investigated into the relationship between clinical findings and CSP in schizophrenia, the duration of illness ranged from 8 to 37 years (mean: 20.37 9.19 years) [ 49 ]. In contrast, we found no significant relationship between CSP and the duration of untreated illness, as is consistent with the literature [ 10 , 20 , 21 , 28 , 30 , 33 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. However, it has been reported that chronic schizophrenia patients exhibit a higher rate of large CSP compared to healthy individuals, while patients with first-episode psychosis show a moderate prevalence [ 22 ].…”

The adhesio interthalamica as a neuroanatomical marker of structural differences in healthy adult population

“…This percentage is similar to the results reported in other studies with healthy populations (Ceyhan et al, 2008;Erbagčı et al, 2002;Haghir et al, 2013). In addition, we also replicated the result showing that the AI is usually absent more in males than in females (Allen & Gorski, 1991;Borghei et al, 2020;de Souza Crippa et al, 2006;Malobabić et al, 1987;Nopoulos et al, 2001;Samra & Cooper, 1968). Interestingly, among participants with complete AI presence, the prevalence is higher in females than in males.…”

“…Using this criterion to assess the presence of AI could be considered conservative, but it makes a clear distinction when classifying subjects. This approach has also been used in previous published works that used a 1.5T scanner and similar imaging parameters to ours (Ceyhan et al, 2008;de Souza Crippa et al, 2006;Haghir et al, 2013;Takahashi et al, 2010;Takahashi, Suzuki, Nakamura, et al, 2008;Takahashi, Suzuki, Zhou, et al, 2008;Trzesniak et al, 2016). Nevertheless, the results obtained from different MRI scanners (e.g., 1.5T, 3T, or more) should be interpreted cautiously.…”

A magnetic resonance imaging study of adhesio interthalamica in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia

“…The results of the present study is also consistent with the studies conducted by Meisenzahl,[3132] Nopoulos,[35] and De Souza Crippa,[36] which could not find any significant differences in prevalence of AI absence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. However, our results are not supported by Erbagci's[29] study in which higher prevalence of AI absence has been reported in patients in comparison with healthy controls.…”

Focusing on The Association Between Cavum Septum Pellucidum and/or Cavum Vergae and Clinical Symptoms and Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia

“…In a study that investigated into the relationship between clinical findings and CSP in schizophrenia, the duration of illness ranged from 8 to 37 years (mean: 20.37 9.19 years) [ 49 ]. In contrast, we found no significant relationship between CSP and the duration of untreated illness, as is consistent with the literature [ 10 , 20 , 21 , 28 , 30 , 33 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. However, it has been reported that chronic schizophrenia patients exhibit a higher rate of large CSP compared to healthy individuals, while patients with first-episode psychosis show a moderate prevalence [ 22 ].…”

The adhesio interthalamica as a neuroanatomical marker of structural differences in healthy adult population

“…This percentage is similar to the results reported in other studies with healthy populations (Ceyhan et al, 2008;Erbagčı et al, 2002;Haghir et al, 2013). In addition, we also replicated the result showing that the AI is usually absent more in males than in females (Allen & Gorski, 1991;Borghei et al, 2020;de Souza Crippa et al, 2006;Malobabić et al, 1987;Nopoulos et al, 2001;Samra & Cooper, 1968). Interestingly, among participants with complete AI presence, the prevalence is higher in females than in males.…”

“…Using this criterion to assess the presence of AI could be considered conservative, but it makes a clear distinction when classifying subjects. This approach has also been used in previous published works that used a 1.5T scanner and similar imaging parameters to ours (Ceyhan et al, 2008;de Souza Crippa et al, 2006;Haghir et al, 2013;Takahashi et al, 2010;Takahashi, Suzuki, Nakamura, et al, 2008;Takahashi, Suzuki, Zhou, et al, 2008;Trzesniak et al, 2016). Nevertheless, the results obtained from different MRI scanners (e.g., 1.5T, 3T, or more) should be interpreted cautiously.…”

A magnetic resonance imaging study of adhesio interthalamica in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia

“…The results of the present study is also consistent with the studies conducted by Meisenzahl,[3132] Nopoulos,[35] and De Souza Crippa,[36] which could not find any significant differences in prevalence of AI absence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. However, our results are not supported by Erbagci's[29] study in which higher prevalence of AI absence has been reported in patients in comparison with healthy controls.…”

Focusing on The Association Between Cavum Septum Pellucidum and/or Cavum Vergae and Clinical Symptoms and Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia

“…In a study that investigated into the relationship between clinical findings and CSP in schizophrenia, the duration of illness ranged from 8 to 37 years (mean: 20.37 9.19 years) [ 49 ]. In contrast, we found no significant relationship between CSP and the duration of untreated illness, as is consistent with the literature [ 10 , 20 , 21 , 28 , 30 , 33 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. However, it has been reported that chronic schizophrenia patients exhibit a higher rate of large CSP compared to healthy individuals, while patients with first-episode psychosis show a moderate prevalence [ 22 ].…”

The adhesio interthalamica as a neuroanatomical marker of structural differences in healthy adult population

“…This percentage is similar to the results reported in other studies with healthy populations (Ceyhan et al, 2008;Erbagčı et al, 2002;Haghir et al, 2013). In addition, we also replicated the result showing that the AI is usually absent more in males than in females (Allen & Gorski, 1991;Borghei et al, 2020;de Souza Crippa et al, 2006;Malobabić et al, 1987;Nopoulos et al, 2001;Samra & Cooper, 1968). Interestingly, among participants with complete AI presence, the prevalence is higher in females than in males.…”

“…Using this criterion to assess the presence of AI could be considered conservative, but it makes a clear distinction when classifying subjects. This approach has also been used in previous published works that used a 1.5T scanner and similar imaging parameters to ours (Ceyhan et al, 2008;de Souza Crippa et al, 2006;Haghir et al, 2013;Takahashi et al, 2010;Takahashi, Suzuki, Nakamura, et al, 2008;Takahashi, Suzuki, Zhou, et al, 2008;Trzesniak et al, 2016). Nevertheless, the results obtained from different MRI scanners (e.g., 1.5T, 3T, or more) should be interpreted cautiously.…”