Causes of infectious pediatric uveitis: A review

Ngathaweesuk, Yaninsiri; Hendrikse, Jytte; Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda Dorothea Francisca de; de Boer, Joke Helena; Hettinga, Ymkje Marije

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.12.003

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common causes of posterior segment ophthalmoplegia in children [ 2 ]. Treatment indications for ocular toxoplasmosis in children include optic nerve head involvement, involvement of the posterior uveal membrane by focal lesions located in the macula and between the vascular arcades, dense vitreous body opacities, lesions larger than three optic nerve disc diameters, and immunocompromised patients and neonates with congenital toxoplasmosis, regardless of clinical symptoms [ 60 ]. Treatment is based on antiparasitic therapy with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, used alongside steroid therapy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Targeted treatment for HSV-induced conditions includes oral antiviral drugs [ 60 ] such as acyclovir and valacyclovir, which have reported similar efficacy. Oral acyclovir is more potent than its topical form [ 63 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its characteristic clinical presentation includes rapidly progressive peripheral necrotizing retinitis, retinal and choroidal vasculitis, and vitreous body inflammation, facilitating preliminary diagnosis. Confirmation requires PCR testing and analysis of the intraocular fluid using the Goldmann–Witmer coefficient [ 43 , 60 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitis in Children: A Summary of the Latest Data from a 5-Year Literature Review (2018–2023)

Modrzejewska,

Zdanowska

2024

JCM

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Pediatric uveitis has a low incidence. It is very diverse in its presentation and is often the first sign of a severe systemic disease. The pediatric population poses a special therapeutic and diagnostic challenge due to the potentially adverse effects of therapeutic agents on the young body and difficult cooperation with the patient during the examination, as well as the increased risk of complications that can lead to severe disability. The most commonly diagnosed type of uveitis is non-infectious, with first-line therapy consisting of systemic corticosteroids followed by disease-modifying drugs (methotrexate (MTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclosporin A (CsA)). In severe, refractory cases, biologic therapy is used. The authors reviewed the current literature on the etiology, diagnostic tools, and treatment of uveitis in the pediatric population covering the years 2018–2023, presenting current methods of modern diagnosis and treatment. The reason for writing this article was the need to update the knowledge on uveitis, driven by the increasing prevalence of autoimmune uveitis in the pediatric population. This trend presents significant challenges in diagnosing and treating the disease, as well as managing its complications. Correctly identifying the pathogenetic factor of uveitis can facilitate the diagnosis of the systemic disease underlying the ocular infection and enable the timely implementation of systemic treatment. Furthermore, the emergence of new diagnostic methods necessitates a revision and update of ophthalmic knowledge, essential for both ophthalmologists and other specialists involved in the treatment of uveitis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%