Causes and Directions of Student Migration Using Polish and Portugese Students as an Example

Abstract

This paper analyses the directions and causes of student migration in the information society at economic universities in Poland and Portugal. An international survey was conducted among students born between 1981 and 1995. The research included a group of 121 Polish and 55 Portuguese students. The conclusions of the study confirm the hypothesis that the place of residence/country of origin has a significant effect on the direction of migration. Furthermore, the causes of migration are largely dependent on the gender of the respondents and their professional status.

The Impact of Economic and Non-economic Factors on the Willingness to Migrate of Young People in the COVID-19 Pandemic Time

“…Summing up, the analyses (logistic regression model and correspondence analysis) regarding the research on the inclination to migrate young people (Polish and Portuguese students) confirm the hypothesis that economic factors are essential for people who want to emigrate. This is in line with previous research by the authors of the article Rzeczkowski, 2018, Kowalewska, Nieżurawska-Zając, andDuarte, 2019), as well as other researchers (Stanimir, 2015). The analyses also illuminate the importance of factors related to COVID-19.…”

“…Usually, their emigration was associated with severe economic problems of the country, such as the high unemployment rate among young people (Cerdeira et al, 2016) or the economic crisis (Cairns, 2017). The research conducted in Poland and selected EU countries shows that for young people, the main reason for deciding to migrate was higher earnings (Stanimir, 2015;Kowalewska, Nieżurawska-Zając, and Rzeczkowski, 2018) and better living conditions in the destination country (Kowalewska, Nieżurawska-Zając, and Duarte, 2019). The increase in migration flows impacted the European integration processes and the resulting free movement of capital, goods, people, and services within the framework of the free market of the European Union.…”

Factors Influencing the Tendency of Young People to Migrate Abroad – An Example From Northern Poland

“…This influences their tendency to migrate and make decisions about employment abroad (Nowicka, 2012;Grabowska-Lusińska, 2014;Jelonek, 2015;McCollum, Findlay, 2015;Sarnowska, 2016). Especially as economic reasons are becoming the main rationale for emigration (Kowalewska et al, 2019). Outside the country, young people expect better wages, promotion prospects and better working conditions; living at a higher level (Kowalewska et al, 2018;Kowalewska et al, 2019;Siedlanowski, 2021).…”

“…Especially as economic reasons are becoming the main rationale for emigration (Kowalewska et al, 2019). Outside the country, young people expect better wages, promotion prospects and better working conditions; living at a higher level (Kowalewska et al, 2018;Kowalewska et al, 2019;Siedlanowski, 2021). The ease of economic migration was changed by the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020.…”

Seasonal Employment of Foreigners in a Country Implementing a Restrictive Immigration Policy: The Case of Poland

“…The Polish migration policy, including the rules for foreigners' influx, has for many years been in the focus of interest of researchers dealing with the spatial movement of populations (Głąbicka, Okólski, and Stola, 1998;Iglicka et al, 2005;Kaczmarczyk and Okólski, 2008;Duszczyk, 2012;Łodziński and Szonert, 2016). An essential contribution to the resources of knowledge about the migration situation in Poland is also studied addressing the issue of the most current phenomena related to, among other things, Brexit, interregional migration, or the new directions of economic migration (Kisiel, Lizińska, and Rosochacka, 2019;Organiściak-Krzykowska, Piotrowski, and Ciulkin, 2020;Marks-Bielska, 2019;Kowalewska, Nieżurawska-Zając and Duarte, 2019;Maleszyk and Kędra, 2020).…”